וְהַשַּׁחֲלַיִם, וַחֲלַגְלוֹגוֹת, וְהַבֵּיצִים, וְהַגַּרְגִּיר. ״וַיֵּצֵא אֶחָד אֶל הַשָּׂדֶה לְלַקֵּט אוֹרוֹת״, תָּנָא מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר: זֶה גַּרְגִּיר. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: לָמָּה נִקְרָא שְׁמָן אוֹרוֹת – שֶׁמְּאִירוֹת אֶת הָעֵינַיִם. אָמַר רַב הוּנָא: (הַמּוֹצִיא) גַּרְגִּיר, אִם יָכוֹל לְאָכְלוֹ – אוֹכְלוֹ, וְאִם לָאו – מַעֲבִירוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי עֵינָיו. אָמַר רַב פַּפָּא: בְּגַרְגִּירָא מִצְרָנָאָה.

cress, purslane, eggs, and arugula. Apropos the arugula plant, the Gemara cites a verse: “And one of them went out into the fields to collect orot ” (II Kings 4:39). It was taught in the name of Rabbi Meir with regard to orot in this verse: This is the plant called arugula. Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Why are these arugula plants called orot ? It is because they enlighten [ me’irot ] the eyes. Rav Huna said: With regard to one who finds arugula, if he can eat it, he eats it, and if not, he passes it over his eyes, as that too is beneficial. Rav Pappa said: Arugula is most effective when it grows on the border of the field, where it is unadulterated by other plants.

אָמַר רַב גִּידֵּל אָמַר רַב: אַכְסְנַאי לֹא יֹאכַל בֵּיצִים, וְלֹא יִישַׁן בְּטַלִּיתוֹ שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת. רַב כִּי מִקְלַע לְדַרְשִׁישׁ מַכְרִיז: מַאן הָוְיָא לְיוֹמָא. רַב נַחְמָן כַּד מִקְלַע לִשְׁכַנְצִיב מַכְרִיז: מַאן הָוְיָא לְיוֹמָא.

Rav Giddel said that Rav said: A guest should neither eat eggs, because they lead to a seminal emission, nor sleep in a garment belonging to the homeowner, his host, because if he experiences a seminal emission and it gets on the garment, he will be diminished in the estimation of his host. Apropos conduct of a guest, the Gemara relates: When Rav would happen to come to Darshish he would declare: Who will be married to me for the day that I am here so that I will not be unwed in this place, after which I will divorce her? Similarly, when Rav Naḥman would come to Shekhantziv he would declare: Who will be married to me for the day that I am here?

וְהָתַנְיָא, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר: לֹא יִשָּׂא אָדָם אִשָּׁה בִּמְדִינָה זוֹ, וְיֵלֵךְ וְיִשָּׂא אִשָּׁה בִּמְדִינָה אַחֶרֶת, שֶׁמָּא יִזְדַּוְּוגוּ זֶה אֵצֶל זֶה, וְנִמְצָא אָח נוֹשֵׂא אֲחוֹתוֹ (וְאָב נוֹשֵׂא בִּתּוֹ) וּמְמַלֵּא כָּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ מַמְזֵרוּת, וְעַל זֶה נֶאֱמַר: ״וּמָלְאָה הָאָרֶץ זִמָּה״! אָמְרִי: רַבָּנַן קָלָא אִית לְהוּ.

But wasn’t it taught in a baraita that Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says: A man should not marry a woman in one state and go and marry another woman in a different state, lest a match be arranged between the child of this wife with the child of that wife who are unaware of their relationship. This would lead to a brother marrying his sister or a father marrying his daughter, filling the whole world in its entirety with mamzerim . And concerning this it is stated: “And the land became filled with lewdness” (Leviticus 19:29). say in response: The Sages generate publicity. Since they were well-known, the identity of their children was also undoubtedly known. Therefore, there was no concern that errors of this kind would befall their children.

וְהָאָמַר רָבָא: תְּבָעוּהָ לְהִנָּשֵׂא וְנִתְפַּיְּיסָה – צְרִיכָה לֵישֵׁב שִׁבְעָה נְקִיִּים! רַבָּנַן אוֹדוֹעֵי הָווּ מוֹדְעוּ לְהוּ, מִקְדַם הָווּ מְקַדְּמֵי וּמְשַׁדְּרֵי שְׁלוּחָא.

The Gemara raises a different problem with the practice of Rav and Rav Naḥman. But didn’t Rava say: With regard to one who proposed marriage to a woman and she agreed, she is required to sit seven clean days, as perhaps due to the anticipatory desire she might not notice that she experienced menstrual bleeding and she is therefore impure. How, then, could these amora’im marry a woman on the day that they proposed? The Gemara answers: The Sages would inform them by sending messengers before their arrival. The messenger would announce that the amora sought to marry a local woman. The woman who agreed would in fact wait seven clean days before marrying him.

וְאִי בָּעִית אֵימָא: יִחוּדֵי הָווּ מְיַחֲדֵי לְהוּ, לְפִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ דּוֹמֶה מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ פַּת בְּסַלּוֹ לְמִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ פַּת בְּסַלּוֹ.

And if you wish, say instead that these Sages were not actually proposing marriage; rather, they proposed so that they could be in seclusion with the women, There is no similarity between one who has bread in his basket and one who does not have bread in his basket. One who does not have access to bread experiences hunger more acutely than one for whom bread is available and can eat whenever he chooses. Similarly, an unmarried man experiences a more acute desire. In order to mitigate that desire, these Sages made certain that women would be designated for them.

מתני׳ מְסָרוּהוּ זִקְנֵי בֵּית דִּין לְזִקְנֵי כְּהוּנָּה וְהֶעֱלוּהוּ בֵּית אַבְטִינָס וְהִשְׁבִּיעוּהוּ, וְנִפְטְרוּ וְהָלְכוּ לָהֶם. וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ: אִישִׁי כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, אָנוּ שְׁלוּחֵי בֵּית דִּין וְאַתָּה שְׁלוּחֵנוּ וּשְׁלִיחַ בֵּית דִּין, מַשְׁבִּיעִין אָנוּ עָלֶיךָ בְּמִי שֶׁשִּׁכֵּן שְׁמוֹ בַּבַּיִת הַזֶּה שֶׁלֹּא תְּשַׁנֶּה דָּבָר מִכָּל מַה שֶּׁאָמַרְנוּ לְךָ. הוּא פּוֹרֵשׁ וּבוֹכֶה, וְהֵן פּוֹרְשִׁין וּבוֹכִין.

The Elders of the court who read the order of the service of the day before the High Priest passed him to the Elders of the priesthood, and they took him up to the House of Avtinas. And they administered him an oath and took leave of him and went on their way. When they administered this oath they said to him: My Master, High Priest. We are agents of the court, and you are our agent and the agent of the court. We administer an oath to you in the name of Him who housed His name in this House, that you will not change even one matter from all that we have said to you with regard to the burning of the incense or any other service that you will perform when alone. After this oath, he would leave them and cry, and they would leave him and cry in sorrow that the oath was necessary.

אִם (הוּא) הָיָה חָכָם – דּוֹרֵשׁ, וְאִם לָאו – תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים דּוֹרְשִׁים לְפָנָיו. וְאִם רָגִיל לִקְרוֹת – קוֹרֵא, וְאִם לָאו – קוֹרִין לְפָנָיו. וּבַמֶּה קוֹרִין לְפָנָיו – בְּאִיּוֹב וּבְעֶזְרָא וּבְדִבְרֵי הַיָּמִים. זְכַרְיָה בֶּן קְבוּטָל אוֹמֵר: פְּעָמִים הַרְבֵּה קָרִיתִי לְפָנָיו בְּדָנִיֵּאל.

They kept him occupied throughout the night to prevent him from sleeping. If he was a scholar, he would teach Torah. If he was not a scholar, Torah scholars would teach Torah before him. And if he was accustomed to read the Bible, he would read; and if he was not, they would read the Bible before him. And what books would they read before him to pique his interest so that he would not fall asleep? They would read from Job, and from Ezra, and from Chronicles. Zekharya, son of Kevutal, says: Many times I read before him from the book of Daniel.