בִּנְזִיקִין הֲוָה, וַאֲנַן קָא מַתְנִינַן בְּשִׁיתָא סִדְרִין. וְכִי הֲוָה מָטֵי רַב יְהוּדָה בְּעוּקְצִין: הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁכּוֹבֶשֶׁת יָרָק בִּקְדֵירָה, וְאָמְרִי לָהּ: זֵיתִים שֶׁכְּבָשָׁן בְּטַרְפֵּיהֶן טְהוֹרִין, אָמַר: הֲוָייוֹת דְּרַב וּשְׁמוּאֵל קָא חָזֵינָא הָכָא!

was connected to the order of Nezikin , while they were largely unfamiliar with the rest of the Mishna, and we learn all six orders of the Mishna. And when Rav Yehuda reached tractate Uktzin , which discusses the extent to which various fruits and vegetables are considered an integral part of the produce in terms of becoming ritually impure, which is the basis for the halakha that a woman who pickles a vegetable in a pot, etc. ( Teharot 2:1), and some say that when he reached the halakha that olives that are pickled with their leaves are ritually pure, etc., as they are no longer considered part of the fruit ( Uktzin 2:1), he would say: Those are the disputes between Rav and Shmuel that we see here. He felt it was an extremely challenging passage, as difficult as the most complex arguments between Rav and Shmuel.

וַאֲנַן קָא מַתְנִינַן בְּעוּקְצִין תְּלֵיסַר מְתִיבָתָא. וְאִילּוּ רַב יְהוּדָה כִּי הֲוָה שָׁלֵיף חַד מְסָאנָא, אָתֵי מִיטְרָא וַאֲנַן קָא צָוְוחִינַן כּוּלֵּי יוֹמָא, וְלֵיכָּא דְּאַשְׁגַּח בָּן! אִי מִשּׁוּם עוּבָדָא, אִי אִיכָּא דַּחֲזָא מִידֵי, לֵימָא! אֲבָל מַה יַעֲשׂוּ גְּדוֹלֵי הַדּוֹר, שֶׁאֵין דּוֹרָן דּוֹמֶה יָפֶה?

And we, in contrast, learn tractate Uktzin in thirteen yeshivot , while, with regard to miracles, after declaring a fast to pray for a drought to end, when Rav Yehuda would remove one of his shoes as a sign of distress, the rain would immediately come, before he could remove his second shoe. And yet we cry out all day and no one notices us. Rabba continued: If the difference between the generations is due to inappropriate deeds, if there is anyone who has seen me do anything improper, let him say so. I am not at fault, but what can the great leaders of the generation do when their generation is not worthy, and rain is withheld on account of the people’s transgressions?

רַב יְהוּדָה חֲזָא הָנְהוּ בֵּי תְּרֵי דְּהָווּ קָא פָּרְצִי בְּרִיפְתָּא, אֲמַר: שְׁמַע מִינָּהּ אִיכָּא שָׂבְעָא בְּעָלְמָא. יָהֵיב עֵינֵיהּ, הֲוָה כַּפְנָא. אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ רַבָּנַן לְרַב כָּהֲנָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב נְחוּנְיָא שַׁמְּעֵיהּ: מָר, דִּשְׁכִיחַ קַמֵּיהּ, נִיעַשְּׂיֵיהּ דְּלֵיפּוּק בְּפִתְחָא דְּסָמוּךְ לְשׁוּקָא. עַשְּׂיֵיהּ וּנְפַק לְשׁוּקָא. חֲזָא כְּנוּפְיָא.

The Gemara explains the reference to Rav Yehuda’s shoe. Rav Yehuda saw two people wasting bread, throwing it back and forth. He said: I can learn from the fact that people are acting like this that there is plenty in the world. He cast his eyes angrily upon the world, and there was a famine. The Sages said to Rav Kahana, son of Rav Neḥunya, the attendant of Rav Yehuda: The Master, who is frequently present before Rav Yehuda, should persuade him to leave by way of the door nearest the market, so that he will see the terrible effects of the famine. Rav Kahana persuaded Rav Yehuda, and he went out to the market, where he saw a crowd.

אֲמַר לְהוּ: מַאי הַאי? אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: אַכּוּסְפָּא דְּתַמְרֵי קַיְימֵי דְּקָא מִזְדַּבַּן. אֲמַר: שְׁמַע מִינָּהּ כַּפְנָא בְּעָלְמָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ לְשַׁמְּעֵיהּ: שְׁלוֹף לִי מְסָאנַיי. שָׁלַף לֵיהּ חַד מְסָאנָא, וַאֲתָא מִיטְרָא. כִּי מְטָא לְמִישְׁלַף אַחֲרִינָא, אֲתָא אֵלִיָּהוּ וְאָמַר לֵיהּ: אֲמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: אִי שָׁלְפַתְּ אַחֲרִינָא, מַחֲרִיבְנָא לְעָלְמָא.

He said to them: What is this gathering? They said to him: We are standing by a container [ kuspa ] of dates that is for sale. He said: If so many people are crowding around to purchase a single container of dates, I can learn from this that there is a famine in the world. He said to his attendant: I want to fast over this; remove my shoes as a sign of distress. He removed one of his shoes and rain came. When he began to take off the other shoe, Elijah came and said to him: The Holy One, Blessed be He, said: If you remove your other shoe, I will destroy the entire world so that you will not be further distressed.

אֲמַר רַב מָרִי בְּרָהּ דְּבַת שְׁמוּאֵל: אֲנָא הֲוָה קָאֵימְנָא אַגּוּדָא דִּנְהַר פַּפָּא, חֲזַאי לְמַלְאָכֵי דְּאִידַּמוּ לַמַּלָּחֵי דְּקָא מַיְיתֵי חָלָא וּמָלוּנְהוּ לְאַרַבִּי, וַהֲוָה קִמְחָא דִּסְמִידָא. אָתוּ כּוּלֵּי עָלְמָא לְמִיזְבַּן. אֲמִינָא לְהוּ: מֵהָא לָא תִּיזְבְּנוּן, דְּמַעֲשֶׂה נִסִּים הוּא. לְמָחָר אָתְיָין אַרְבֵּי דְּחִיטֵּי דְּפָרְזִינָא.

Rav Mari, son of Shmuel’s daughter, said: At that moment, I was standing on the bank of the Pappa River. I saw angels who appeared as sailors bringing sand and filling ships with it, and it became fine flour. Everyone came to buy this flour, but I said to them: Do not purchase this flour, as it is the product of miracles. Tomorrow, boats filled with wheat will come from Parzina, and you may purchase that produce.

רָבָא אִיקְלַע לְהַגְרוּנְיָא. גְּזַר תַּעֲנִיתָא, וְלָא אֲתָא מִיטְרָא. אֲמַר לְהוּ: בִּיתוּ כּוּלֵּי עָלְמָא בְּתַעֲנִיתַיְיכוּ. לְמָחָר אֲמַר לְהוּ: מִי אִיכָּא דַּחֲזָא חֶילְמָא, לֵימָא. אֲמַר לְהוּ רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר מֵהַגְרוֹנְיָא: לְדִידִי אַקְרִיּוּן בְּחֶלְמִי: ‘׳שְלָם טַב לְרַב טַב מֵרִיבּוֹן טַב דְּמִטּוּבֵיהּ מֵטִיב לְעַמֵּיהּ״. אֲמַר: שְׁמַע מִינָּהּ עֵת רָצוֹן הִיא מִבָּעֵי רַחֲמֵי. בָּעֵי רַחֲמֵי, וְאָתֵי מִיטְרָא.

§ The Gemara relates another story. Rava happened to come to the city of Hagrunya. He decreed a fast, but rain did not come. He said to the local residents: Everyone, continue your fast and do not eat tonight. The next morning he said to them: Whoever had a dream last night, let him say it. Rabbi Elazar of Hagronya said to them: The following was recited to me in my dream. Good greetings to a good master from a good Lord, Who in His goodness does good for His people. Rava said: I can learn from this that it is a favorable time to pray for mercy. He prayed for mercy and rain came.

הַהוּא גַּבְרָא דְּאִיחַיַּיב נַגְדָּא בְּבֵי דִּינָא דְּרָבָא מִשּׁוּם דִּבְעַל נָכְרִית. נַגְדֵיהּ רָבָא וּמִית. אִשְׁתַּמַּע מִילְּתָא בֵּי שָׁבוֹר מַלְכָּא, בְּעָא לְצַעוּרֵי לְרָבָא. אֲמַרָה לֵיהּ אִיפְרָא הוּרְמִיז, אִימֵּיהּ דְּשָׁבוֹר מַלְכָּא, לִבְרָהּ: לָא לֶיהֱוֵי לָךְ עֵסֶק דְּבָרִים בַּהֲדֵי יְהוּדָאֵי, דְּכָל מַאן דְּבָעֲיָין מִמָּרַיְיהוּ, יָהֵיב לְהוּ.

The Gemara relates another story that deals with prayer for rain. There was a certain man who was sentenced to be flogged by Rava’s court because he had relations with a gentile woman. Rava flogged the man and he died as a result. When this matter was heard in the house of the Persian King Shapur, he wanted to punish Rava for imposing the death penalty, as he thought, without the king’s permission. Ifra Hormiz, mother of King Shapur, said to her son: Do not interfere and quarrel with the Jews, as whatever they request from God, their Master, He gives them.

אֲמַר לָהּ: מַאי הִיא? בָּעֲיַן רַחֲמֵי וְאָתֵי מִיטְרָא. אֲמַר לָהּ: הַהוּא מִשּׁוּם דְּזִימְנָא דְּמִיטְרָא הוּא. אֶלָּא לִבָּעוּ רַחֲמֵי הָאִידָּנָא, בִּתְקוּפַת תַּמוּז, וְלֵיתֵי מִיטְרָא. שְׁלָחָה לֵיהּ לְרָבָא: כַּוֵּין דַּעְתָּךְ, וּבְעֵי רַחֲמֵי דְּלֵיתֵי מִיטְרָא. בָּעֵי רַחֲמֵי, וְלָא אָתֵי מִיטְרָא.

He said to her: What is this that He grants them? She replied: They pray for mercy and rain comes. He said to her: This does not prove that God hears their prayers, as that occurs merely because it is the time for rain, and it just so happens that rain falls after they pray. Rather, if you want to prove that God answers the prayers of the Jews, let them pray for mercy now, in the summer season of Tammuz, and let rain come. Ifra Hormiz sent a message to Rava: Direct your attention and pray for mercy that rain may come. He prayed for mercy, but rain did not come.

אָמַר לְפָנָיו: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם! ״אֱלֹהִים, בְּאָזְנֵינוּ שָׁמַעְנוּ, אֲבוֹתֵינוּ סִפְּרוּ לָנוּ, פֹּעַל פָּעַלְתָּ בִימֵיהֶם, בִּימֵי קֶדֶם״, וְאָנוּ בְּעֵינֵינוּ לֹא רָאִינוּ. אֲתָא מִיטְרָא עַד דְּשְׁפוּךְ מַרְזְבֵי דִמְחוֹזָא לְדִיגְלַת. אֲתָא אֲבוּהּ אִיתְחֲזִי לֵיהּ בְּחֶלְמֵיהּ, וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ: מִי אִיכָּא דְּמִיטְרַח קַמֵּי שְׁמַיָּא כּוּלֵּי הַאי? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: שַׁנֵּי דּוּכְתִּיךְ. שַׁנֵּי דּוּכְתֵּיהּ. לְמָחָר אַשְׁכְּחֵיהּ דְּמִרְשַׁם פּוּרְיֵיהּ בְּסַכִּינֵי.

He said before God: Master of the Universe, it is written: “O God, we have heard with our ears, our fathers have told us, what work You did in their days, in days of old” (Psalms 44:2), but we have not seen it with our own eyes. As soon as he said this, rain came until the gutters of Meḥoza overflowed and poured into the Tigris River. Rava’s father came and appeared to him in a dream and said to him: Is there anyone who troubles Heaven so much to ask for rain out of its season? In his dream, his father further said to him: Change your place of rest at night. He changed his place, and the next day he found that his bed had been slashed by knives.

רַב פַּפָּא גְּזַר תַּעֲנִיתָא, וְלָא אֲתָא מִיטְרָא. חֲלַשׁ לִיבֵּיהּ, שְׂרַף פִּינְכָּא דְּדַיְיסָא, וּבָעֵי רַחֲמֵי, וְלָא אֲתָא מִיטְרָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב נַחְמָן בַּר אוּשְׁפַּזְתִּי: אִי שָׂרֵיף מָר פִּינְכָּא אַחֲרִיתִי דְּדַיְיסָא, אָתֵי מִיטְרָא. אִיכְסִיף וַחֲלַשׁ דַּעְתֵּיהּ, וַאֲתָא מִיטְרָא.

The Gemara relates: Rav Pappa decreed a fast, but rain did not come. His heart became weak from hunger, so he swallowed [ seraf ] a bowl [ pinka ] of porridge, and prayed for mercy, but rain still did not come. Rav Naḥman bar Ushpazti said to him: If the Master swallows another bowl of porridge, rain will come. He was mocking Rav Pappa for eating while everyone else was fasting. Rav Pappa was embarrassed and grew upset, and rain came.

רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן דּוֹסָא הֲוָה קָא אָזֵיל בְּאוֹרְחָא אֲתָא מִיטְרָא. אָמַר לְפָנָיו: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם! כָּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ בְּנַחַת, וַחֲנִינָא בְּצַעַר? פָּסַק מִיטְרָא. כִּי מְטָא לְבֵיתֵיהּ, אָמַר לְפָנָיו: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם! כָּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ בְּצַעַר, וַחֲנִינָא בְּנַחַת? אֲתָא מִיטְרָא.

The Gemara tells another story about prayer for rain. Rabbi Ḥanina ben Dosa was traveling along a road when it began to rain. He said before God: Master of the Universe, the entire world is comfortable, because they needed rain, but Ḥanina is suffering, as he is getting wet. The rain ceased. When he arrived at his home, he said before God: Master of the Universe, the entire world is suffering that the rain stopped, and Ḥanina is comfortable? The rain began to come again.

אֲמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: מַאי אַהַנְיָא לֵיהּ צְלוֹתָא דְּכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל לְגַבֵּי רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן דּוֹסָא? דִּתְנַן: הָיָה מִתְפַּלֵּל תְּפִלָּה קְצָרָה בַּבַּיִת הַחִיצּוֹן. מַאי מְצַלֵּי? רָבִין בַּר אַדָּא וְרָבָא בַּר אַדָּא דְּאָמְרִי תַּרְוַיְיהוּ מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַב יְהוּדָה: יְהִי רָצוֹן מִלְפָנֶיךָ, ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ, שֶׁתְּהֵא הַשָּׁנָה הַזּוֹ גְּשׁוּמָה וּשְׁחוּנָה. שְׁחוּנָה מַעַלְיָיתָא הִיא? אַדְּרַבָּה, גְּרִיעוּתָא הִיא!

Rav Yosef said, in reaction to this story: What effect does the prayer of the High Priest have against that of Rabbi Ḥanina ben Dosa? As we learned in a mishna: After leaving the Holy of Holies on Yom Kippur, the High Priest would recite a brief prayer in the outer chamber. The Gemara asks: What would he pray? Ravin bar Adda and Rava bar Adda both say in the name of Rav Yehuda that this was his prayer: May it be Your will, Lord our God, that this year shall be rainy and hot. The Gemara expresses surprise at this request: Is heat a good matter? On the contrary, it is unfavorable. Why should he request that the year be hot?

אֶלָּא: אִם שְׁחוּנָה, תְּהֵא גְּשׁוּמָה וּטְלוּלָה. וְאַל יִכָּנֵס לְפָנֶיךָ תְּפִילַּת עוֹבְרֵי דְרָכִים. רַב אַחָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרָבָא מְסַיֵּים מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַב יְהוּדָה: לָא יַעֲדֵי עָבֵיד שׁוּלְטָן מִדְּבֵית יְהוּדָה, וְאַל יְהוּ עַמְּךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל צְרִיכִין לְהִתְפַּרְנֵס זֶה מִזֶּה, וְלֹא לְעַם אַחֵר.

Rather, say that he recited the following: If the upcoming year is hot, may it also be rainy and moist with dew, lest the heat harm the crops. The High Priest would also pray: And let not the prayer of travelers enter Your presence. Rav Aḥa, son of Rava, in the name of Rav Yehuda, concluded the wording of this prayer: May the rule of power not depart from the house of Judea. And may Your nation Israel not depend upon each other for sustenance, nor upon another nation. Instead, they should be sustained from the produce of their own land. Evidently, the High Priest’s prayer that God should not listen to the prayer of individual travelers was disregarded in the case of Rabbi Ḥanina ben Dosa.

אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: בְּכָל יוֹם וָיוֹם בַּת קוֹל יוֹצֵאת וְאוֹמֶרֶת: כָּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ נִיזּוֹן בִּשְׁבִיל חֲנִינָא בְּנִי, וַחֲנִינָא בְּנִי דַּיּוֹ בְּקַב חֲרוּבִים מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת לְעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת. הֲוָה רְגִילָא דְּבֵיתְהוּ לְמֶיחֲמָא תַּנּוּרָא כָּל מַעֲלֵי דְּשַׁבְּתָא וְשָׁדְיָיא אַקְטַרְתָּא,

§ The Gemara continues to discuss the righteous Rabbi Ḥanina ben Dosa and the wonders he performed. Rav Yehuda said that Rav said: Each and every day a Divine Voice emerges from Mount Horeb and says: The entire world is sustained by the merit of My son Ḥanina ben Dosa, and yet for Ḥanina, My son, a kav of carobs, a very small amount of inferior food, is sufficient to sustain him for an entire week, from one Shabbat eve to the next Shabbat eve. The Gemara relates: Rabbi Ḥanina ben Dosa’s wife would heat the oven every Shabbat eve and create a great amount of smoke,