אֶלָּא אָמַר רַב אַשִׁי: שָׁלֹשׁ מְחִיצּוֹת וְלֶחִי אֶחָד – זֶה מָבוֹי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְפוּלָּשׁ, שָׁלֹשׁ מְחִיצּוֹת בְּלֹא לֶחִי – זֶהוּ מָבוֹי הַמְּפוּלָּשׁ. וַאֲפִילּוּ לְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר דְּאָמַר “בָּעֵינַן לְחָיַיִם״, הָנֵי מִילֵּי – לְאוֹכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין, אֲבָל לְסֵפֶר תּוֹרָה – בְּחַד לֶחִי סַגִּי.

Rather, Rav Ashi said: The Sages in the mishna disagree with regard to the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer: Three walls and one post is an alley that is closed; three walls without a post at all is an open alley. And even according to Rabbi Eliezer, who said we need two posts, one post being insufficient, those words were stated to permit one to move food and drinks, but for the purpose of moving a Torah scroll, one post is sufficient.

מתני׳ מַצִּילִין מְזוֹן שָׁלֹשׁ סְעוּדּוֹת, הָרָאוּי לָאָדָם – לָאָדָם, הָרָאוּי לַבְּהֵמָה – לַבְּהֵמָה. כֵּיצַד: נָפְלָה דְּלֵיקָה בְּלֵילֵי שַׁבָּת – מַצִּילִין מְזוֹן שָׁלֹשׁ סְעוּדּוֹת, בְּשַׁחֲרִית – מַצִּילִין מְזוֹן שְׁתֵּי סְעוּדּוֹת, בְּמִנְחָה – מְזוֹן סְעוּדָּה אַחַת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: לְעוֹלָם מַצִּילִין מְזוֹן שָׁלֹשׁ סְעוּדּוֹת.

One may rescue food for three meals from a fire on Shabbat. One may rescue food that is suitable for a person for a person; and one may rescue food that is suitable for an animal for an animal. How so? If a fire ignited on Friday night before the Shabbat evening meal, one may rescue food for three meals. If a fire ignited in the morning, after the Shabbat evening meal has been eaten and before the meal of Shabbat day, one may only rescue food for two meals. If a fire ignited in the afternoon, one may rescue food for one meal. Rabbi Yosei says: One may always rescue food for three meals, which is the measure that the Sages permitted without distinguishing between the times of day.

גמ׳ מִכְּדִי בְּהֶיתֵּרָא קָטָרַח, נַצִּיל טְפֵי! אָמַר רָבָא: מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁאָדָם בָּהוּל עַל מָמוֹנוֹ, אִי שָׁרֵית לֵיהּ – אָתֵי לְכַבּוֹיֵי. אָמַר לֵיהּ אַבַּיֵי: אֶלָּא הָא דְּתַנְיָא, נִשְׁבְּרָה לוֹ חָבִית בְּרֹאשׁ גַּגּוֹ – מֵבִיא כְּלִי וּמַנִּיחַ תַּחְתֶּיהָ, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יָבִיא כְּלִי אַחֵר וְיִקְלוֹט, כְּלִי אַחֵר וִיצָרֵף. הָתָם מַאי גְּזֵירָה אִיכָּא? הָכָא נַמִי, גְּזֵירָה שֶׁמָּא יָבִיא כְּלִי דֶּרֶךְ רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים.

The Gemara asks: Now, since one is exerting himself to move permitted objects, let us rescue more. Why was he allowed to rescue food for only three meals? Rava said: Since a person is agitated about his property, if you permit him to move more, he will come to extinguish the fire. Abaye said to him: Rather, that which was taught in a baraita : If one’s barrel broke atop one’s roof on Shabbat, he may bring a vessel and place it under the barrel to salvage its contents, and this is permitted provided that he does not bring another vessel and place it on the ground to catch the liquid that flows out of the barrel. Similarly, one may not bring another vessel and attach the vessel next to the roof so that the liquid from the barrel will pour into it. There, what decree applies to prohibit saving it in any other way? Rava said to him: Here, too, it is a decree issued due to the concern lest one bring the additional vessel through the public domain, which is prohibited.

גּוּפָא, נִשְׁבְּרָה לוֹ חָבִית בְּרֹאשׁ גַּגּוֹ – מֵבִיא כְּלִי וּמַנִּיחַ תַּחְתֶּיהָ, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יָבִיא כְּלִי אַחֵר וְיִקְלוֹט, כְּלִי אַחֵר וִיצָרֵף. נִזְדַּמֵּן לוֹ אוֹרְחִין – מֵבִיא כְּלִי אַחֵר וְקוֹלֵט, כְּלִי אַחֵר וּמְצָרֵף. וְלֹא יִקְלוֹט וְאַחַר כָּךְ יַזְמִין, אֶלָּא יַזְמִין וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִקְלוֹט, וְאֵין מַעֲרִימִין בְּכָךְ. מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר יְהוּדָה אָמְרוּ: מַעֲרִימִין.

Apropos this baraita , the Gemara discusses the matter itself: If one’s barrel broke atop one’s roof on Shabbat, he may bring a vessel and place it under the barrel to salvage its contents, and this is permitted provided that he does not bring another vessel and place it on the ground to catch the liquid, another vessel and attach the vessel next to the roof. If guests happen to come to him and he needs more to drink, he may bring another vessel and catch the liquid, and he may bring another vessel and attach it. And one may not catch the liquid and then invite guests; rather, one must first invite guests, and afterward catch the liquid. Until he invites guests, there is no need for the beverage, and he will be catching the liquid in a prohibited manner. And one may not employ artifice in this by inviting guests expressly for the purpose of rescuing his wine. In the name of Rabbi Yosei bar Yehuda, they said: One may even employ artifice.

לֵימָא בִּפְלוּגְתָא דְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ קָמִיפַּלְגִי; דְּתַנְיָא, אוֹתוֹ וְאֶת בְּנוֹ שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לַבּוֹר, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: מַעֲלֶה אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹן עַל מְנָת לְשׁוֹחֲטוֹ, וְהַשֵּׁנִי עוֹשֶׂה לוֹ פַּרְנָסָה בִּמְקוֹמוֹ, בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁלֹּא יָמוּת. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: מַעֲלִין אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹן עַל מְנָת לְשׁוֹחֲטוֹ, וְאֵינוֹ שׁוֹחֲטוֹ, וּמַעֲרִים וּמַעֲלֶה אֶת הַשֵּׁנִי. רָצָה – זֶה שׁוֹחֵט, רָצָה – זֶה שׁוֹחֵט.

The Gemara suggests: Let us say that Rabbi Yosei bar Yehuda and the Rabbis disagree in the dispute between Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua, as it was taught in a baraita : With regard to it and its offspring that fell into a pit on a Festival, Rabbi Eliezer says: One may raise the first in order to slaughter it, and then slaughter it; and with regard to the second one, one may provide it sustenance in its place in the pit so that it will not die. Rabbi Yehoshua says: One may raise the first in order to slaughter it, and then reconsider and not slaughter it, and one may employ artifice and say that he reconsidered and wants to slaughter the other, and raise the second. If he so desires, he slaughters this one; if he so desires, he slaughters that one.

מִמַּאי? דִּילְמָא עַד כָּאן לָא קָאָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר הָתָם – דְּאֶפְשָׁר בְּפַרְנָסָה, אֲבָל הָכָא דְּלָא אֶפְשָׁר – לָא. וְעַד כָּאן לָא קָאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ הָתָם – מִשּׁוּם דְּאִיכָּא צַעַר בַּעֲלֵי חַיִּים, אֲבָל הָכָא דְּלֵיכָּא צַעַר בַּעֲלֵי חַיִּים – לָא!

The Gemara rejects this: From what does that conclusion ensue? Perhaps Rabbi Eliezer only stated that he may not raise the second animal there, in a case where it is possible to save the animal by feeding it in the pit; however, here, in the case of the barrel, where it is impossible to save it by feeding it in the pit, no, he would permit doing so. Perhaps even he agrees that it is permitted to employ artifice in this case. And similarly, perhaps Rabbi Yehoshua only said there that one may employ artifice because there is an issue of the suffering of living beings, but here, where there is no issue of the suffering of living beings, perhaps he did not permit employing artifice.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: הִצִּיל פַּת נְקִיָּה אֵין מַצִּיל פַּת הַדְרָאָה. פַּת הַדְרָאָה – מַצִּיל פַּת נְקִיָּה. וּמַצִּילִין מִיּוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים לַשַּׁבָּת – אֲבָל לֹא מִשַּׁבָּת לְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר מִשַּׁבָּת לְיוֹם טוֹב, וְלֹא מִשַּׁבָּת לַשַּׁבָּת הַבָּאָה.

The Sages taught in the Tosefta : If one rescued sufficient fine bread for his needs, he may not then rescue coarse bread [ hadra’a ], bread made from flour and bran. However, if one rescued coarse bread, he may then rescue fine bread. And one may rescue bread on Yom Kippur for the purpose of Shabbat; however, one may not rescue bread on Shabbat for the purpose of Yom Kippur. And, needless to say, one may not rescue bread on Shabbat for the purpose of a Festival, and one may not rescue bread on Shabbat for the purpose of the next Shabbat.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: שָׁכַח פַּת בַּתַּנּוּר וְקִידֵּשׁ עָלָיו הַיּוֹם – מַצִּילִין מְזוֹן שָׁלֹשׁ סְעוּדּוֹת, וְאוֹמֵר לַאֲחֵרִים: בּוֹאוּ וְהַצִּילוּ לָכֶם. וּכְשֶׁהוּא רוֹדֶה – לֹא יִרְדֶּה בְּמַרְדֶּה אֶלָּא בְּסַכִּין. אִינִי?! וְהָא תָּנָא דְּבֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל: “לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה כָל מְלָאכָה״ – יָצָא תְּקִיעַת שׁוֹפָר וּרְדִיַּית הַפַּת, שֶׁהִיא חָכְמָה וְאֵינָהּ מְלָאכָה! כַּמָּה דְּאֶפְשָׁר לְשַׁנּוֹיֵי מְשַׁנִּינַן.

And the Sages taught: If one forgot bread in the oven and did not remove it until the day of Shabbat was sanctified, he may rescue enough food for three meals from the oven. And, one may say to others: Come and rescue bread for yourselves. And when one removes the bread from the oven, he may not remove it in the usual manner with a baker’s paddle, but he removes it in an unusual manner, e.g., with a knife. The Gemara asks: Is that so? Didn’t the school of Rabbi Yishmael teach that it is stated: “And the seventh day is Shabbat for the Lord, your God, you shall not perform any labor” (Exodus 20:10), and the emphasis on the word labor excludes blowing the shofar and removing bread, which is a skill and not a labor, and which therefore is not prohibited on Shabbat. If by Torah law removing bread on Shabbat is permitted, why may one not remove it in the usual manner? The Gemara answers: Nevertheless, as much as it is possible to alter the manner in which one removes bread from the oven one alters, to emphasize that the day is Shabbat.

אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: לְעוֹלָם יַשְׁכִּים אָדָם לְהוֹצָאַת שַׁבָּת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: “וְהָיָה בַּיּוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי וְהֵכִינוּ אֶת אֲשֶׁר יָבִיאוּ״ – לְאַלְתַּר. אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא: בַּשַּׁבָּת חַיָּיב אָדָם לִבְצוֹעַ עַל שְׁתֵּי כִכָּרוֹת, דִּכְתִיב: “לֶחֶם מִשְׁנֶה״.

Rav Ḥisda said: A person should always rise early on Friday in order to prepare all of the expenditures for Shabbat, as it is written with regard to the collection of the manna: “And it shall be on the sixth day, and they will prepare that which they have brought” (Exodus 16:5), indicating that the children of Israel would begin preparing the food for Shabbat immediately upon collecting the manna in the morning. Apropos manna, the Gemara mentions other matters derived from it. Rabbi Abba said: On Shabbat a person is obligated to break bread over two loaves of bread, as it is written: “And it happened on the sixth day, they collected double the bread, two omer for each one” (Exodus 16:22).

אָמַר רַב אַשִׁי: חֲזִינָא לֵיהּ לְרַב כָּהֲנָא דְּנָקַט תַּרְתֵּי וּבָצַע חֲדָא, אָמַר “לָקְטוּ״ כְּתִיב. רַבִּי זֵירָא הֲוָה בָּצַע אַכּוּלָּהּ שֵׁירוּתֵיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבִינָא לְרַב אַשִׁי: וְהָא מֶיחֱזִי כִּרְעַבְתָּנוּתָא! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: כֵּיוָן דְּכָל יוֹמָא לָא עָבֵיד, וְהָאִידָנָא הוּא דְּקָעָבֵיד – לָא מֶיחֱזִי כִּרְעַבְתָּנוּתָא. רַבִּי אַמִי וְרַבִּי אַסִי כִּי מִיקְלַע לְהוּ רִיפְתָּא דְּעֵירוּבָא – שָׁרוּ עִילָּוֵיהּ, אָמְרִי: הוֹאִיל וְאִיתְעַבִיד בָּהּ חֲדָא מִצְוָה – לִיתְעַבִיד בָּהּ מִצְוָה אַחֲרִינָא.

Rav Ashi said: I saw that Rav Kahana took two loaves in his hand and broke one, not both at once. He said in explanation that it is written: “They collected double the bread,” meaning that one collects and holds two loaves together, but need not break both. Rabbi Zeira would break off a piece that would suffice for his entire meal. Ravina said to Rav Ashi: Doesn’t that appear like gluttony? Rav Ashi said to him: Since on every other day he does not do this and now he is doing so, it does not appear like gluttony. Rabbi Ami and Rabbi Asi, when the bread from the eiruv would happen to become available to them, they would begin and recite the blessing over it. They said in explanation: Since one mitzva was performed with it, let an additional mitzva be performed with it.

“כֵּיצַד, נָפְלָה דְּלֵיקָה כו׳״. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: כַּמָּה סְעוּדּוֹת חַיָּיב אָדָם לֶאֱכוֹל בַּשַּׁבָּת? שָׁלֹשׁ, רַבִּי חִידְקָא אוֹמֵר: אַרְבַּע. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: וּשְׁנֵיהֶם מִקְרָא אֶחָד דָּרְשׁוּ, “וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אִכְלוּהוּ הַיּוֹם כִּי שַׁבָּת הַיּוֹם לַה׳ הַיּוֹם לֹא תִמְצָאֻהוּ בַּשָּׂדֶה״. רַבִּי חִידְקָא סָבַר: הָנֵי תְּלָתָא “הַיּוֹם״ – לְבַר מֵאוֹרְתָא, וְרַבָּנַן סָבְרִי: בַּהֲדֵי דְּאוֹרְתָא. תְּנַן: נָפְלָה דְּלֵיקָה בְּלֵילֵי שַׁבָּת –

We learned in the mishna that one may rescue food for three meals on Shabbat. How so? If a fire ignited before the meal on Shabbat evening, one rescues food for three meals; if a fire ignited Shabbat morning, he rescues food for two meals; if a fire ignited in the afternoon, he rescues food for one meal. With regard to meals on Shabbat, the Sages taught in a baraita : How many meals is a person obligated to eat on Shabbat? Three. Rabbi Ḥidka says: Four. Rabbi Yoḥanan said: And both of them derived their opinions from one verse: “And Moses said: Eat it today, for today is Shabbat for God, today you will not find it in the field” (Exodus 16:25). Rabbi Ḥidka holds: These three mentions of the word today allude to the number of meals on Shabbat besides the evening meal, as Moses spoke on Shabbat morning. And the Rabbis hold that these three mentions include the evening meal. We learned in the mishna: If a fire ignited on Shabbat evening ,