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Pesachim
Daf 57bאַחְוֵי בִּידֵיהּ: אִי גַּדְיָא יָאֵי – יִסַּק לִתְמִידָא! אֲמַר מַלְכָּא: הוֹאִיל וְלָא הָוֵי לֵיהּ אֵימָתָא דְּמַלְכוּתָא – נִיפְסְקוּ לִימִינֵיהּ. יְהַב שׁוֹחַד וּפְסַקֵיהּ לִשְׂמָאלֵיהּ. שְׁמַע מַלְכָּא וּפְסַקֵיהּ לִימִינֵיהּ. אֲמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: בְּרִיךְ רַחֲמָנָא דְּאַשְׁקְלֵיהּ לְיִשָּׂשׂכָר אִישׁ כְּפַר בַּרְקַאי לְמִיטַרְפְּסֵיהּ מִינֵּיהּ בְּהַאי עָלְמָא.
he signaled contemptuously with his hand and said: If goat is better, let it be sacrificed as the daily offering.
RASHI
אחוי בידיה בלשון צחוק:
אימתא דמלכותא לא דיו שלא אמר כמותי אלא שאמר אף בלשון צחוק:
דאשקליה שהשיא עונו וגמולו:
למיטרפסיה גמולו:
אֲמַר רַב אַשִׁי: יִשָּׂשׂכָר אִישׁ כְּפַר בַּרְקַאי לָא תְּנָא מַתְנִיתִין. דִּתְנַן, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: כְּבָשִׂים קוֹדְמִים לְעִזִּים בְּכָל מָקוֹם, יָכוֹל מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמּוּבְחָרִין בְּמִינָן – תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״אִם כֶּבֶשׂ יָבִיא קָרְבָּנוֹ״ – מְלַמֵּד שֶׁשְּׁנֵיהֶן שְׁקוּלִין כְּאֶחָד. רָבִינָא אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ מִקְרָא נַמִי לָא קְרָא, דִּכְתִיב: ״אִם כֶּבֶשׂ״ ״אִם עֵז״ אִי בָּעֵי – כֶּבֶשׂ לַיְיתֵיהּ, אִי בָּעֵי – עֵז לַיְיתֵיהּ. הדרן עלך מקום שנהגו וסליקא לה פסח ראשון
Rav Ashi said: Yissakhar of Kfar Barkai did not study the Mishna
RASHI
לא תנא לא שנה משנה וברייתא:
כבשים קודמין לעזים בכ"מ כתב כבש תחלה:
אם כבש יביא לחטאת כאן הקדים שעירה לכבשה דכתיב בפרשה עליונה והביא את קרבנו שעירת עזים וגו' והדר אם כבש יביא וגו':
אם כבש אם עז גבי שלמים מדלא הראה לך הכתוב רמז מובחר בזה מזה שמעת מינה ששניהן שוין:
SUMMARY
The Gemara explained that the prohibition against performing labor on the eve of Passover is not absolute but is similar in scope to the restrictions on the intermediate days of a Festival. This prohibition was not observed in a universal manner; in some places people were accustomed to refrain from labor only from midday, while others refrained from labor throughout the day. Either way, a person is bound to the practice of the place he or she lives and may not veer from it. The main discussion of the chapter concerned the case of a person who travels from a place where one custom is observed to a place with a different custom. The Gemara explained that in such a case a person should act in accordance with the stringencies of both customs. This principle applies not just to the specific case of labor on Passover eve, but is true for all customs. Furthermore, this applies even if the customs of the person’s hometown are intrinsically linked to the environment of that place and logically should not apply elsewhere. All this is true, however, only where an individual continues to associate himself with his point of origin. Once a person is not just visiting a different place but has decided to relocate, he is bound only by the customs of his new locale. The acceptance of a custom is considered akin to taking a vow upon it. Therefore the customs observed by a whole locale have particular force, as a public vow cannot easily be revoked. For this reason, as long as a person identifies himself as a resident of that locale he is fully bound by its customs. However, for the same reason, a person is not technically bound by the customs observed in a place he is only visiting. The reason he is nevertheless required to observe those customs is to avoid the discord that could arise by acting differently to those around him. Because of this concern, in certain cases a person will be unable to observe the stringencies of his hometown’s customs because that itself may cause discord, and he would continue to observe his hometown’s customs only in private. Essentially, when dealing with changing customs, two values have to be preserved. A person’s personal obligation to the customs he is bound to and a person’s responsibility not to act in a way that could lead to discord. The Gemara also discussed the relative importance of different customs. This can be dependent on place, i.e., customs of Eretz Yisrael, due to the importance of the land, take preference over customs of the diaspora. This may also be dependent on who originally developed the custom, and whether they were Torah scholars or not. Some customs are considered to be unfounded and may therefore, in certain cases, not be binding at all.