וגו׳ – לְהָבִיא חֵלֶב שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי הַדַּקִּין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: לְהָבִיא חֵלֶב שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי הַקֵּבָה.

the word “all” serves to include the fat that is on the small intestines; this is the statement of Rabbi Yishmael. Rabbi Akiva says: The word “all” serves to include the fat that is on the abomasum. According to Rabbi Yishmael, the fat of the abomasum is permitted.

וּרְמִינְהִי: ״אֶת הַחֵלֶב אֲשֶׁר עַל הַקֶּרֶב״ – רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: מָה חֵלֶב הַמְכַסֶּה אֶת הַקֶּרֶב קְרוּם וְנִקְלָף – אַף כֹּל קְרוּם וְנִקְלָף. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: מָה חֵלֶב הַמְכַסֶּה אֶת הַקֶּרֶב תּוֹתָב קְרוּם וְנִקְלָף – אַף כֹּל תּוֹתָב קְרוּם וְנִקְלָף.

And the Gemara raises a contradiction from another baraita : The verse states: “The fat that covers the innards, and all the fat that is upon the innards” (Leviticus 3:3). Rabbi Shimon, i.e., Rabbi Yishmael, says: Just as the fat that covers the innards possesses a membrane, and that membrane is easily peeled off, so too, all fat possessing a membrane and whose membrane is easily peeled is forbidden, including the fat on the abomasum. Rabbi Akiva says: Just as the fat that covers the innards is spread out loosely over them, and it possesses a membrane, and the membrane is easily peeled off, so too, all fat that is spread out loosely, and possesses a membrane, and whose membrane is easily peeled, e.g., the fat on the intestines, is forbidden. The fat on the abomasum is fixed tightly and is therefore permitted. It would seem from this baraita that Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Yishmael contradict themselves.

שְׁלַח רָבִין מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: כָּךְ הִיא הַצָּעָה שֶׁל מִשְׁנָה, וְאֵיפּוּךְ קַמַּיְיתָא.

Ravin sent an answer in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan: Such is the proper layout of the mishna, i.e., the baraita . The latter attribution of the opinions is correct, and one must reverse the attribution of opinions in the first baraita . Accordingly, Rabbi Akiva deems the fat on the intestines prohibited, while Rabbi Yishmael deems the fat on the abomasum prohibited as well.

מַאי חָזֵית דְּאָפְכַתְּ קַמַּיְיתָא? אֵיפּוּךְ בַּתְרַיְיתָא! שָׁאנֵי הָכָא, כֵּיוָן דְּקָתָנֵי ״מָה״ – דַּוְוקָא.

The Gemara asks: What did you see that led you to reverse the first baraita ? Why not reverse the second baraita instead? The Gemara responds: The second baraita here is different, since it teaches using the formula: Just as. Because it takes care to specifically provide the textual justifications for the opinions, it is presumably accurate about the attributions as well.

אִי הָכִי, כְּרַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל? כְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא הִיא! אֲמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: שֶׁאָמַר מִשּׁוּם אֲבוֹתָיו, וְלֵיהּ לָא סְבִירָא לֵיהּ.

The Gemara asks: If so, how can Rabbi Oshaya claim above that the priests acted in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yishmael? It was actually in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Akiva. Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: Rabbi Oshaya meant only that Rabbi Yishmael says the lenient opinion in the name of his forefathers, but Rabbi Yishmael himself does not hold accordingly, and he considers the fat of the abomasum forbidden.

אָמַר רַב: חֵלֶב טָהוֹר – סוֹתֵם, טָמֵא – אֵינוֹ סוֹתֵם. וְרַב שֵׁשֶׁת אוֹמֵר: אֶחָד זֶה וְאֶחָד זֶה – סוֹתֵם.

§ The Gemara discusses a connection between the issue of fats and that of tereifot : Rav says: Kosher fat effectively seals a perforation that it covers, and the animal is not rendered a tereifa . Non-kosher fat does not effectively seal a perforation, and the animal is a tereifa . And Rav Sheshet says: Both this and that fat effectively seal a perforation.

בָּעֵי רַבִּי זֵירָא: חֵלֶב חַיָּה מַאי? דַּוְקָא אֲמַר: חֵלֶב טָהוֹר סוֹתֵם, וְהַאי נַמִי – טָהוֹר הוּא; אוֹ דִּלְמָא מִשּׁוּם דְּמִהֲדַק, וְהַאי לָא מִהֲדַק!

Rabbi Zeira raises a dilemma: With regard to the fat of an undomesticated animal, all of which is permitted for consumption, what is the halakha ? Shall one say that Rav specifically said that kosher fat seals a perforation, and since this too, i.e., all the fat of an undomesticated animal, is kosher, it is all considered an effective seal? Or perhaps Rav specified that permitted fat of a domesticated animal seals a perforation only because it is firmly attached. But this, the fat on the innards of an undomesticated animal, is not firmly attached, and it is not an effective seal, even though it is permitted for consumption.

אֲמַר אַבַּיֵי: מַאי תִּיבָּעֵי לֵיהּ? נְהִי דְּשָׁרֵי בַּאֲכִילָה, אִהֲדוּקֵי לָא מִהֲדַק!

Abaye said: Why does Rabbi Zeira raise this dilemma? Granted that the fat of the innards is permitted for consumption, but still, it is not firmly attached and clearly does not form an effective seal.

הַהוּא נֶקֶב דְּסַתְמַהּ חֵלֶב טָמֵא, דַּאֲתָא לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרָבָא; אֲמַר רָבָא: לְמַאי נֵיחוּשׁ לָהּ? חֲדָא, דְּהָא אָמַר רַב שֵׁשֶׁת: חֵלֶב טָמֵא נַמִי סוֹתֵם. וְעוֹד, הַתּוֹרָה חָסָה עַל מָמוֹנָם שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב פַּפָּא לְרָבָא: רַב, וְאִיסּוּרָא דְּאוֹרַיְיתָא, וְאַתְּ אָמְרַתְּ: הַתּוֹרָה חָסָה עַל מָמוֹנָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל?!

The Gemara relates: There was a certain perforation that was sealed by non-kosher fat that came before Rava. Rava said: With regard to what need we be concerned? First, doesn’t Rav Sheshet say: Non-kosher fat also effectively seals a perforation? And furthermore, in general, the Torah spares the money of the Jewish people, and it is appropriate to rule leniently in this regard. Rav Pappa said to Rava: But there is also the opinion of Rav that non-kosher fat does not seal a perforation, and this dispute concerns a prohibition by Torah law, and yet you say that the Torah spares the money of the Jewish people? One cannot rely on this principle to rule in accordance with the lenient opinion with regard to such matters.

מַנְיוּמִין כַּנְדּוֹקָא אִיגְּלֵי לֵיהּ בִּסְתְּקָא דְּדוּבְשָׁא, אֲתָא לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרָבָא, אֲמַר רָבָא: לְמַאי נֵיחוּשׁ לָהּ? חֲדָא, דִּתְנַן: שְׁלֹשָׁה מַשְׁקִים אֲסוּרִים מִשּׁוּם גִּילּוּי – הַיַּיִן וְהַמַּיִם וְהֶחָלָב, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמַּשְׁקִים – מוּתָּרִים. וְעוֹד, הַתּוֹרָה חָסָה עַל מָמוֹנָם שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק לְרָבָא: רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, וְסַכָּנַת נְפָשׁוֹת, וְאַתְּ אָמְרַתְּ: הַתּוֹרָה חָסָה עַל מָמוֹנָם שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל?!

The Gemara relates a similar episode: Manyumin the jug maker had a jug [ bisteka ] full of honey that was left uncovered, and he was concerned it might have been contaminated by snake venom. He came before Rava to inquire as to the halakha . Rava said: With regard to what need we be concerned? First, as we learned in a mishna ( Terumot 8:4): Three liquids are prohibited due to exposure: Wine, water, and milk; and all other liquids are permitted. Honey, therefore, is permitted. And furthermore, the Torah spares the money of the Jewish people. Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said to Rava: But there is also the opinion of Rabbi Shimon that exposed honey is prohibited, and this dispute concerns a matter of mortal danger, and yet you say that the Torah spares the money of the Jewish people?

רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַאי הִיא? דְּתַנְיָא: חֲמִשָּׁה אֵין בָּהֶם מִשּׁוּם גִּילּוּי – צִיר וְחוֹמֶץ, שֶׁמֶן וּדְבַשׁ וּמוֹרַיְיס. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: אַף הֵן יֵשׁ בָּהֶן מִשּׁוּם גִּילּוּי. וְאָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: אֲנִי רָאִיתִי נָחָשׁ שֶׁשָּׁתָה צִיר בְּצַיְדָן. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: שָׁטְיָא הֲוָה, וְאֵין מְבִיאִין רְאָיָה מִן הַשּׁוֹטִים.

The Gemara clarifies: What is this opinion of Rabbi Shimon? As it is taught in a baraita : Five liquids are not subject to the prohibition of exposure, since snakes do not drink from them: Fish brine, vinegar, oil, honey, and fish gravy [ morayes ] made from fish brine mixed with oil and salt. Rabbi Shimon says: Even they are subject to prohibition due to exposure. And Rabbi Shimon said: I once saw a snake that drank fish brine in Tzaidan. The Rabbis said to him: That snake was strange, i.e., it behaved differently than other snakes, and one does not bring a proof from strange creatures.

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אוֹדֵי לִי מִיהַת בְּצִיר, דְּהָא רַב פַּפָּא וְרַב הוּנָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְרַבָּנַן, כִּי הֲוָה לְהוּ גִּילּוּיָא – שְׁדוּ לֵיהּ בְּצִיר. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אוֹדֵי לִי מִיהָא בִּדְבַשׁ, דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר קָאֵי כְּוָותֵיהּ, דְּתַנְיָא: וְכֵן הָיָה רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹסֵר בִּדְבַשׁ.

Rava said to Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak: Concede to me, at least, with regard to fish brine that it is not prohibited by exposure, as when Rav Pappa and Rav Huna, son of Rabbi Yehoshua, and the Sages would have a case of exposure of some liquid, they would cast it into fish brine. The sharpness of the brine neutralizes the snake venom. Accordingly, just as the halakha is not in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Shimon with regard to fish brine, so too it is not in accordance with his opinion with regard to honey. Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said to him: Concede to me, at least, with regard to honey that it is prohibited by exposure, as Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar held in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Shimon. As it is taught in a baraita : And likewise, Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar would deem exposed honey prohibited.

אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן: חֵלֶב הֶעָשׂוּי כְּכוֹבַע אֵינוֹ סוֹתֵם. הֵיכָא? אָמְרִי לָהּ חִיטֵּי דְּכַרְכְּשָׁא, וְאָמְרִי לָהּ: טַרְפְּשָׁא דְּלִיבָּא.

The Gemara returns to the initial discussion with regard to fats and perforations: Rav Naḥman says: Permitted fat that is made like a hat does not effectively seal a perforation, even though it is permitted for consumption. The Gemara clarifies: Where is this fat? Some say it is the grains of fat found on the rectum, which, if perforated, renders the animal a tereifa . And some say that it is the membrane surrounding the heart, which, if perforated to the chambers, renders the animal a tereifa .

אֲמַר רָבָא, שְׁמַעִית מִינֵּיהּ דְּרַב נַחְמָן תַּרְתֵּי: חִימְצָא וּבַר חִימְצָא, חַד סָתֵים וְחַד לָא סָתֵים, וְלָא יָדַעֲנָא הֵי מִינַּיְיהוּ. רַב הוּנָא בַּר חִינָּנָא וְרַב הוּנָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב נַחְמָן אֲמַר: בַּר חִימְצָא – סָתֵים, חִימְצָא – לָא סָתֵים. אֲמַר רַב טָבוֹת, וְסִימָנֵיךְ: יָפֶה כֹּחַ הַבֵּן מִכֹּחַ הָאָב.

§ Rava said: I heard from Rav Naḥman about two fats found on the abomasum, in different places. One is called the ḥimtza and one the bar ḥimtza , meaning: Son of ḥimtza . One effectively seals a perforation of the abomasum, and one does not effectively seal a perforation of the abomasum. But I do not know which of them is which. Rav Huna bar Ḥinnana and Rav Huna, son of Rav Naḥman, said: The bar ḥimtza seals; the ḥimtza does not seal. Rav Tavot said: And your mnemonic is: The power of the son is greater than the power of the father.

הֵי חִימְצָא וְהֵי בַּר חִימְצָא? תָּא שְׁמַע, דְּאָמַר רַב נַחְמָן: אִינְהוּ – מֵיכַל אָכְלִי,

The Gemara asks: Which is the ḥimtza and which is the bar ḥimtza ? The Gemara suggests: Come and hear proof from that which Rav Naḥman says with regard to one of the fats on the abomasum. Can it be that they, the residents of Eretz Yisrael, eat it, considering it permitted for consumption,