שֵׁנִי תַּשְׁלוּמִין דְּרִאשׁוֹן הוּא. אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר שֵׁנִי רֶגֶל בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ הוּא – מַאי אִיכָּא לְמֵימַר?

is redress for the first Paschal offering. According to this opinion, it is clear that ritual impurity does not nullify one’s obligation. However, according to the one who said that the second Pesaḥ is a separate pilgrimage Festival, established for those who were unable to sacrifice the Paschal offering at the proper time, what is there to say? In that case, Rav Yirmeya’s answer does not apply, and therefore it remains unclear that Rabbi Yoḥanan holds that one who is not obligated in the Festival offerings on the first day is exempt during the remaining days.

אֶלָּא אָמַר רַב פַּפָּא: קָסָבַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן לַיְלָה אֵינוֹ מְחוּסַּר זְמַן. וּמִי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן הָכִי?

Rather, Rav Pappa said: Rabbi Yoḥanan holds that night is not considered part of a date whose time has not yet arrived. Although one may not sacrifice offerings at night, the date itself has arrived and his period of impurity is complete, which is why any further impurity requires a second set of offerings. Consequently, Rabbi Yoḥanan’s opinion with regard to a lame person does not contradict his ruling concerning a nazirite. The Gemara asks: And did Rabbi Yoḥanan actually say this, that night is not considered part of a date whose time has not yet arrived?

וְהָאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: רָאָה אַחַת בַּלַּיְלָה וּשְׁתַּיִם בַּיּוֹם – מֵבִיא;

But didn’t Rabbi Yoḥanan say: A zav at the end of his seven-day purification process who saw that he experienced one emission at night and then two in the day brings additional offerings for the second impurity? Had he experienced the emissions before he became ritually pure, he would have been required to bring only one set of offerings. However, once his purification is complete he must bring a separate set. In this case, the first emission occurred before he was able to sacrifice the offerings for his initial period of impurity. Nevertheless, as the two subsequent sightings occurred during the day, and they alone would suffice to confer upon him the status of a zav , they combine with the one from the previous night and he is required to bring new offerings.

שְׁתַּיִם בַּלַּיְלָה וְאַחַת בַּיּוֹם – אֵינוֹ מֵבִיא. וְאִי סָלְקָא דַּעֲתָךְ קָסָבַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן לַיְלָה אֵינוֹ מְחוּסַּר זְמַן, אֲפִילּוּ שְׁתַּיִם בַּלַּיְלָה וְאַחַת בַּיּוֹם מֵבִיא!

However, if he saw two emissions at night and one in the day, he does not bring additional offerings, because at night he could not yet sacrifice the offerings owed due to his current status, and without those two new sightings he would not become a zav again. And if it enters your mind that Rabbi Yoḥanan holds that night is not considered a date whose time has not yet arrived, then even in the case where he saw two emissions at night and one in the day he should have to bring another set of offerings. He already reached the date of sacrificing the previous offerings before these new emissions occurred. This indicates that Rabbi Yoḥanan holds that night is considered part of a date whose time has not yet arrived.

כִּי קָאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן – לְדִבְרֵי הָאוֹמֵר לַיְלָה מְחוּסַּר זְמַן. לְדִבְרֵי הָאוֹמֵר? פְּשִׁיטָא! שְׁתַּיִם בַּיּוֹם וְאַחַת בַּלַּיְלָה אִצְטְרִיכָא לֵיהּ.

The Gemara answers: When Rabbi Yoḥanan said this statement, he spoke according to the one who says that night is considered part of a date whose time has not yet arrived. zav saw all three emissions at night he must bring another offering. The Gemara asks: If he spoke only according to the one who says that opinion, it is obvious that no new offerings are required; what novel idea did Rabbi Yoḥanan intend to express? The Gemara answers: Nevertheless, it was necessary for him to teach the case of a zav who saw two in the day and one at night.

סָלְקָא דַּעֲתָךְ אָמִינָא כְּאַתְּקַפְתָּא דְּרַב שֵׁישָׁא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב אִידִי. קָא מַשְׁמַע לָן כִּדְרַב יוֹסֵף.

The Gemara elaborates: It was necessary for Rabbi Yoḥanan to say this, lest it enter your mind to say in the manner of the strong objection of Rav Sheisha, son of Rav Idi (see Keritot 8a), who holds that there is no reason to distinguish between a zav seeing one or two emissions at night. Therefore, Rabbi Yoḥanan teaches us that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rav Yosef, that the first sighting confers merely the status of ritual impurity of one who has a seminal emission, and he is not yet classified as a zav . Consequently, there is a difference between one who experienced one emission at night and one who experienced two.

״עָבַר הָרֶגֶל וְלֹא חַג אֵינוֹ חַיָּיב בְּאַחֲרָיוּתוֹ. וְעַל זֶה נֶאֱמַר: ׳מְעֻוָּת לֹא יוּכַל לִתְקוֹן וְחֶסְרוֹן לֹא יוּכַל לְהִימָּנוֹת׳״.

§ The mishna taught that if the pilgrimage Festival passed and one did not celebrate it by sacrificing a Festival peace-offering, he is not obligated to pay restitution for it. And about this it is stated: “That which is crooked cannot be made straight; and that which is wanting cannot be numbered” (Ecclesiastes 1:15).

אֲמַר לֵיהּ בַּר הֵי הֵי לְהִלֵּל: הַאי ״לְהִימָּנוֹת״? לְהִמָּלְאוֹת מִיבָּעֵי לֵיהּ! אֶלָּא זֶה שֶׁמָּנוּהוּ חֲבֵירָיו לִדְבַר מִצְוָה וְהוּא לֹא נִמְנָה עִמָּהֶן.

The Sage bar Hei Hei said to Hillel that if this is the correct interpretation of the verse, this term: “Be numbered [ lehimanot ]” is apparently inappropriate. It should have said: Be filled. Rather, this verse is referring to one whose friends reached a consensus [ manuhu ] with regard to a matter of a mitzva and he was not part of their consensus, and therefore he missed his opportunity to join them in the performance of the mitzva.

תַּנְיָא נַמִי הָכִי: ״מְעֻוָּת לֹא יוּכַל לִתְקוֹן״ – זֶה שֶׁבִּיטֵּל קְרִיאַת שְׁמַע שֶׁל שַׁחֲרִית, אוֹ קְרִיאַת שְׁמַע שֶׁל עַרְבִית, אוֹ שֶׁבִּיטֵּל תְּפִלָּה שֶׁל שַׁחֲרִית, אוֹ תְּפִלָּה שֶׁל עַרְבִית, ״וְחֶסְרוֹן לֹא יוּכַל לְהִימָּנוֹת״ – זֶה שֶׁנִּמְנוּ חֲבֵירָיו לִדְבַר מִצְוָה וְהוּא לֹא נִמְנָה עִמָּהֶן.

This explanation is also taught in a baraita . The meaning of the verse “That which is crooked cannot be made straight; and that which is wanting cannot be numbered” is as follows: “That which is crooked cannot be made straight” is referring to one who omitted the recitation of the morning Shema or the recitation of the evening Shema , or who omitted the morning prayer or the evening prayer. “And that which is wanting cannot be numbered” is referring to one whose friends reached a consensus with regard to a matter of a mitzva and he was not part of their consensus.

אֲמַר לֵיהּ בַּר הֵי הֵי לְהִלֵּל: מַאי דִּכְתִיב : ״וְשַׁבְתֶּם וּרְאִיתֶם בֵּין צַדִּיק לָרָשָׁע בֵּין עוֹבֵד אֱלֹהִים לַאֲשֶׁר לֹא עֲבָדוֹ״? הַיְינוּ ״צַדִּיק״ הַיְינוּ ״עוֹבֵד אֱלֹהִים״, הַיְינוּ ״רָשָׁע״ הַיְינוּ ״אֲשֶׁר לֹא עֲבָדוֹ״! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: ״עֲבָדוֹ״ וְ״לֹא עֲבָדוֹ״ – תַּרְוַיְיהוּ צַדִּיקֵי גְּמוּרֵי נִינְהוּ. וְאֵינוֹ דּוֹמֶה שׁוֹנֶה פִּרְקוֹ מֵאָה פְּעָמִים לְשׁוֹנֶה פִּרְקוֹ מֵאָה וְאֶחָד.

The Gemara records another discussion between bar Hei Hei and Hillel. Bar Hei Hei said to Hillel: What is the meaning of that which is written: “Then you shall again discern between the righteous and the wicked, between he who serves God and he who does not serve Him” (Malachi 3:18). There are two redundancies here: “The righteous” is the same as “he who serves God,” and “the wicked” is the same as “he who does not serve Him.” Hillel said to him: The one “who serves Him” and the one “who does not serve Him” are both referring to completely righteous people. But the verse is hinting at a distinction between them, as one who reviews his studies one hundred times is not comparable to one who reviews his studies one hundred and one times.

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: וּמִשּׁוּם חַד זִימְנָא קָרֵי לֵיהּ ״לֹא עֲבָדוֹ״? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִין. צֵא וּלְמַד מִשּׁוּק שֶׁל חַמָּרִין: עֲשָׂרָה פַּרְסֵי – בְּזוּזָא, חַד עֲשַׂר פַּרְסֵי – בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי.

Bar Hei Hei said to him: And due to one extra time that he did not review, the verse calls him a person “who does not serve Him”? He said to him: Yes. Go and learn from the market of donkey drivers. One can hire a driver to travel up to ten parasangs for one dinar. However, he will travel eleven parasangs only for two dinars. This shows that any departure beyond the norm is considered a significant difference.

אֲמַר לֵיהּ אֵלִיָּהוּ לְבַר הֵי הֵי וְאָמְרִי לָהּ לְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר: מַאי דִּכְתִיב: ״הִנֵּה צְרַפְתִּיךָ וְלֹא בְכָסֶף בְּחַרְתִּיךָ בְּכוּר עוֹנִי״? מְלַמֵּד שֶׁחָזַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל כָּל מִדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת לִיתֵּן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְלֹא מָצָא אֶלָּא עֲנִיּוּת. אֲמַר שְׁמוּאֵל וְאִיתֵימָא רַב יוֹסֵף, הַיְינוּ דְּאָמְרִי אֱינָשֵׁי: יָאָה עֲנִיּוּתָא לִיהוּדָאֵי כִּי בַּרְזָא סוּמָּקָא לְסוּסְיָא חִיוָּרָא.

The Gemara relates that Elijah the Prophet said to bar Hei Hei, and some say that he said this to Rabbi Elazar: What is the meaning of that which is written: “Behold, I have refined you, but not as silver; I have tried you in the furnace of affliction [oni]” (Isaiah 48:10)? This teaches that the Holy One, Blessed be He, sought after all good character traits to impart them to the Jewish people, and He found only poverty [ aniyut ] capable of preventing them from sin. Shmuel said, and some say it was Rav Yosef: This explains the folk saying that people say: Poverty is good for the Jewish people like a red bridle [ barza ] for a white horse. Just as a red bridle accentuates the white color of the horse, so the challenge of poverty draws out the purity of the Jewish people.

״רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן מְנַסְיָא אוֹמֵר: אֵי זֶה הוּא ״מְעֻוָּת לֹא יוּכַל לִתְקוֹן״ – זֶה הַבָּא עַל הָעֶרְוָה וְהוֹלִיד מִמֶּנָּה מַמְזֵר", וכו׳. הוֹלִיד – אִין, לֹא הוֹלִיד – לָא?

§ The mishna taught that Rabbi Shimon ben Menasya says: Who is the crooked that cannot be made straight? This verse is referring to one who engaged in intercourse with a woman forbidden to him and fathered a mamzer with her. The Gemara infers from the mishna: If he fathers a child, yes, this verse applies, as he cannot remedy the situation; if he does not father a child, no, the verse does not apply, as he can make amends.

וְהָא תַּנְיָא, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן מְנַסְיָא אוֹמֵר: גּוֹנֵב אָדָם – אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיַּחֲזִיר גְּנֵבוֹ וִיתַקֵּן, גּוֹזֵל אָדָם – אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיַּחֲזִיר גְּזֵלוֹ וִיתַקֵּן, אֲבָל הַבָּא עַל אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ וַאֲסָרָהּ לְבַעְלָהּ – נִטְרַד מִן הָעוֹלָם וְהָלַךְ לוֹ.

The Gemara asks: Isn’t it taught in a baraita that Rabbi Shimon ben Menasya says: If a person steals it is possible that he might return his stolen property and be made straight; if a person robs from another it is possible that he might return his robbed property and be made straight. However, one who has sexual relations with a married woman with her consent and thereby renders her forbidden to her husband is banished from the world and passes away. There is no way for him to rectify the situation and achieve atonement, because a married woman who willingly has sexual relations with another man is permanently forbidden to her husband.

רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחַי אוֹמֵר: אֵין אוֹמֵר ״בַּקְּרוּ גָּמָל״, ״בַּקְּרוּ חֲזִיר״. אֶלָּא: ״בַּקְּרוּ טָלֶה״. וְאֵי זֶה? זֶה תַּלְמִיד חָכָם שֶׁפֵּירַשׁ מִן הַתּוֹרָה.

Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai says: Someone who wants to examine an animal for blemishes to bring it as an offering does not say: Inspect the camel, or: Inspect the pig, as these are inherently disqualified for the altar. Rather, he says: Inspect the lamb. Similarly, the term: “Crooked,” applies only to one who was previously straight. And who is this? This is a Torah scholar who leaves his Torah study.

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן לָקִישׁ אָמַר: כָּל תַּלְמִיד חָכָם שֶׁפֵּירַשׁ מִן הַתּוֹרָה עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר: ״כְּצִפּוֹר נוֹדֶדֶת מִן קִנָּהּ כֵּן אִישׁ נוֹדֵד מִמְּקוֹמוֹ״, וְאוֹמֵר: ״מַה מָּצְאוּ אֲבוֹתֵיכֶם בִּי עָוֶל כִּי רָחֲקוּ מֵעָלָי״?!

Rabbi Yehuda ben Lakish said: Any Torah scholar who leaves the Torah, about him the verse says: “As a bird that wanders from her nest, so is a man who wanders from his place” (Proverbs 27:8). And it says: “What unrighteousness have your fathers found in Me, that they are gone far from Me?” (Jeremiah 2:5). This indicates that the punishment is greater for one who was close to God and became distant from Him. In any case, there is a contradiction here, as in the mishna Rabbi Shimon ben Menasya says that the act of one who fathers an illegitimate child is crooked and cannot be straightened, whereas in the baraita he says the same applies to anyone who has forbidden sexual relations, regardless of whether or not he fathers a child.

לָא קַשְׁיָא; כָּאן – בַּאֲחוֹתוֹ פְּנוּיָה, כָּאן – בְּאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ. וְאִי בָּעֵית אֵימָא: הָא וְהָא בְּאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ, וְלָא קַשְׁיָא; כָּאן

The Gemara answers: This is not difficult. Here, the mishna is dealing with a case where he had forbidden sexual relations with his unmarried sister. Although the intercourse itself is a severe sin, if he does not sire a child it can be rectified through repentance. There, in the baraita , it is referring to a case where he sinned with a married woman, causing irreparable damage to her marriage. And if you wish, say instead: This and that are both referring to a married woman. And it is not difficult. Here, the mishna is dealing