מתני׳ יוֹם טוֹב שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת עֶרֶב שַׁבָּת לֹא יְבַשֵּׁל בַּתְּחִלָּה מִיּוֹם טוֹב לַשַּׁבָּת, אֲבָל מְבַשֵּׁל הוּא לְיוֹם טוֹב, וְאִם הוֹתִיר – הוֹתִיר לַשַּׁבָּת. וְעוֹשֶׂה תַּבְשִׁיל מֵעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב וְסוֹמֵךְ עָלָיו לַשַּׁבָּת.

With regard to a Festival that occurs on Shabbat eve, one may not cook on the Festival with the initial intent to cook for Shabbat. However, he may cook on that day for the Festival itself, and if he left over any food, he left it over for Shabbat. The early Sages also instituted an ordinance: The joining of cooked foods [ eiruv tavshilin ], One may prepare a cooked dish designated for Shabbat on a Festival eve and rely on it to cook on the Festival for Shabbat.

בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים: שְׁנֵי תַּבְשִׁילִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: תַּבְשִׁיל אֶחָד. וְשָׁוִין בְּדָג וּבֵיצָה שֶׁעָלָיו שֶׁהֵן שְׁנֵי תַּבְשִׁילִין.

The tanna’im disagreed with regard to the details of this ordinance: Beit Shammai say: For the purpose of the joining of cooked foods one must prepare two cooked dishes, and Beit Hillel say: One dish is sufficient. And they both agree with regard to a fish and the egg that is fried on it that these are considered two dishes for this purpose.

אֲכָלוֹ אוֹ שֶׁאָבַד – לֹא יְבַשֵּׁל עָלָיו בַּתְּחִלָּה, וְאִם שִׁיֵּיר מִמֶּנּוּ כָּל שֶׁהוּא – סוֹמֵךְ עָלָיו לַשַּׁבָּת.

If one ate the food prepared before the Festival as an eiruv and none of it remained for Shabbat, or if it was lost, he may not rely on it and cook with the initial intent to cook for Shabbat. If he left any part of the eiruv , he may rely on it to cook for Shabbat.

גמ׳ מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי? אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: דְּאָמַר קְרָא ״זָכוֹר אֶת יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת לְקַדְּשׁוֹ״ – זָכְרֵהוּ מֵאַחֵר שֶׁבָּא לְהַשְׁכִּיחוֹ.

The Gemara asks: From where are these matters derived? halakha of the joining of cooked foods and of the halakha that one who failed to prepare such an eiruv may not cook on a Festival for Shabbat? Shmuel said that the source is as the verse states: “Remember the Shabbat day, to keep it holy” (Exodus 20:8); from which he infers: Remember it and safeguard it from another day that comes to make it forgotten. When a Festival occurs on Friday, preoccupation with the Festival and the preparation and enjoyment of its meals could lead one to overlook Shabbat. Therefore, the Sages instituted an ordinance to ensure that Shabbat will be remembered even then.

מַאי טַעְמָא? אָמַר רָבָא: כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּבְרוֹר מָנָה יָפָה לַשַּׁבָּת, וּמָנָה יָפָה לְיוֹם טוֹב.

The Gemara asks: What is the reason that the Sages instituted this ordinance in particular to ensure that Shabbat would not be overlooked? Rava said: The Sages did so in deference to Shabbat, and they instituted an eiruv so that one will select a choice portion for Shabbat and a choice portion for the Festival. If one fails to prepare a dish specifically for Shabbat before the Festival, it could lead to failure to show the appropriate deference to Shabbat.

רַב אַשִׁי אָמַר: כְּדֵי שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ: אֵין אוֹפִין מִיּוֹם טוֹב לַשַּׁבָּת, קַל וָחוֹמֶר מִיּוֹם טוֹב לְחוֹל.

Rav Ashi stated a different reason: The Sages did so in deference to the Festival, so that people will say: One may not bake on a Festival for Shabbat unless he began to bake the day before; all the more so, one may not bake on a Festival for a weekday.

תְּנַן: עוֹשֶׂה תַּבְשִׁיל מֵעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב וְסוֹמֵךְ עָלָיו לַשַּׁבָּת. בִּשְׁלָמָא לְרַב אַשִׁי, דְּאָמַר: כְּדֵי שֶׁיֹּאמְרוּ אֵין אוֹפִין מִיּוֹם טוֹב לַשַּׁבָּת – הַיְינוּ דְּמֵעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב – אִין, בְּיוֹם טוֹב – לָא. אֶלָּא לְרָבָא, מַאי אִירְיָא מֵעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב? אֲפִילּוּ בְּיוֹם טוֹב נַמִי!

We learned in the mishna: One may prepare a cooked dish on a Festival eve and rely on it to cook for Shabbat. Granted, according to Rav Ashi, who said that the reason for an eiruv is so that people will say: One may not bake on a Festival for Shabbat; that is why on a Festival eve, yes, one may prepare the eiruv , but on the Festival itself, no, one may not do so, as it is a reminder that in principle one may not cook on a Festival for Shabbat. However, according to Rava, who stated that the reason for the eiruv is to ensure that one selects choice portions for both the Festival and Shabbat, why does the mishna discuss specifically preparation on a Festival eve? Even were one to prepare a dish for Shabbat on the Festival as well, it would guarantee that he accord the appropriate deference to Shabbat.

אִין הָכִי נַמִי, אֶלָּא גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יִפְשַׁע.

The Gemara answers: Yes, it is indeed so; that objective could have been achieved even on the Festival. However, the Sages issued a decree that the eiruv must be prepared on the Festival eve lest one be negligent and fail to prepare one entirely.

וְתַנָּא מַיְיתִי לָהּ מֵהָכָא ״אֵת אֲשֶׁר תֹּאפוּ אֵפוּ וְאֵת אֲשֶׁר תְּבַשְּׁלוּ בַּשֵּׁלוּ״ – מִכָּאן אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלִיעָזָר: אֵין אוֹפִין אֶלָּא עַל הָאָפוּי, וְאֵין מְבַשְּׁלִין אֶלָּא עַל הַמְבוּשָּׁל. מִכָּאן סָמְכוּ חֲכָמִים לְעֵרוּבֵי תַּבְשִׁילִין מִן הַתּוֹרָה.

The Gemara comments: And a tanna cites the proof for eiruv tavshilin from here, the following verse: “Tomorrow is a day of rest, a holy Shabbat to the Lord. Bake that which you will bake and cook that which you will cook, and all that remains put aside to be kept for you until the morning” (Exodus 16:23). From here Rabbi Eliezer said: One may bake on a Festival for Shabbat only by relying on that which was already baked for Shabbat the day before, and adding to it; and one may cook only by relying on that which was already cooked. From this verse the Sages established an allusion to the joining of cooked foods from the Torah.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: מַעֲשֶׂה בְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר שֶׁהָיָה יוֹשֵׁב וְדוֹרֵשׁ כָּל הַיּוֹם כּוּלּוֹ בְּהִלְכוֹת יוֹם טוֹב. יָצְתָה כַּת רִאשׁוֹנָה, אָמַר: הַלָּלוּ בַּעֲלֵי פִּטָּסִין. כַּת שְׁנִיָּה, אָמַר: הַלָּלוּ בַּעֲלֵי חָבִיּוֹת. כַּת שְׁלִישִׁית, אָמַר: הַלָּלוּ בַּעֲלֵי כַּדִּין.

§ The Sages taught in a baraita : There was an incident involving Rabbi Eliezer, who was sitting and lecturing about the halakhot of the Festival throughout the entire Festival day. When the first group left in the middle of his lecture, he said: These must be owners of extremely large jugs [ pittasin ], who apparently have huge containers of wine awaiting them as well as a comparable amount of food, and they have left the house of study out of a craving for their food. After a while a second group departed. He said: These are owners of barrels, which are smaller than pittasin . Later a third group took its leave, and he said: These are owners of jugs, even smaller than barrels.

כַּת רְבִיעִית, אָמַר: הַלָּלוּ בַּעֲלֵי לָגִינִין. כַּת חֲמִישִׁית, אָמַר: הַלָּלוּ בַּעֲלֵי כּוֹסוֹת. הִתְחִילוּ כַּת שִׁשִּׁית לָצֵאת, אָמַר: הַלָּלוּ בַּעֲלֵי מְאֵרָה.

A fourth group left, and he said: These are owners of jars [ laginin ], which are smaller than jugs. Upon the departure of a fifth group, he said: These are owners of cups, which are smaller still. When a sixth group began to leave, he became upset that the house of study was being left almost completely empty and said: These are owners of a curse; i.e., they obviously do not have anything at home, so why are they leaving?

נָתַן עֵינָיו בַּתַּלְמִידִים, הִתְחִילוּ פְּנֵיהֶם מִשְׁתַּנִּין. אָמַר לָהֶם: בָּנַי, לֹא לָכֶם אֲנִי אוֹמֵר אֶלָּא לְהַלָּלוּ שֶׁיָּצְאוּ, שֶׁמַּנִּיחִים חַיֵּי עוֹלָם וְעוֹסְקִים בְּחַיֵּי שָׁעָה.

He cast his eyes upon the students remaining in the house of study. Immediately, their faces began to change color out of shame, as they feared he was referring to them and that perhaps they should have departed along with the others instead of staying. He said to them: My sons, I did not say that about you but about those who left, because they abandon the eternal life of Torah and engage in the temporary life of eating.

בִּשְׁעַת פְּטִירָתָן אָמַר לָהֶם: ״לְכוּ אִכְלוּ מַשְׁמַנִּים וּשְׁתוּ מַמְתַּקִּים וְשִׁלְחוּ מָנוֹת לְאֵין נָכוֹן לוֹ כִּי קָדוֹשׁ הַיּוֹם לַאֲדֹנֵינוּ וְאַל תֵּעָצֵבוּ כִּי חֶדְוַת ה׳ הִיא מָעֻזְּכֶם״.

At the time of the remaining students’ departure at the conclusion of Rabbi Eliezer’s lecture, he said to them the verse: “Go your way, eat the fat and drink the sweet, and send portions to him for whom nothing is prepared, for this day is holy to our Lord; and do not be grieved, for the joy of the Lord is your strength” (Nehemiah 8:10).

אָמַר מָר: ״שֶׁמַּנִּיחִין חַיֵּי עוֹלָם וְעוֹסְקִין בְּחַיֵּי שָׁעָה״, וְהָא שִׂמְחַת יוֹם טוֹב מִצְוָה הִיא. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר לְטַעֲמֵיהּ, דְּאָמַר: שִׂמְחַת יוֹם טוֹב רְשׁוּת.

The Gemara clarifies this baraita . The Master said above: Because they abandon eternal life and engage in temporary life. The Gemara wonders at this: But isn’t the joy of the Festival itself a mitzva and therefore part of eternal life? The Gemara answers: Rabbi Eliezer conforms to his standard line of reasoning, as he said: Physical joy on a Festival is merely optional.

דְּתַנְיָא, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: אֵין לוֹ לְאָדָם בְּיוֹם טוֹב אֶלָּא: אוֹ אוֹכֵל וְשׁוֹתֶה אוֹ יוֹשֵׁב וְשׁוֹנֶה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: חַלְּקֵהוּ – חֶצְיוֹ לַה׳ וְחֶצְיוֹ לָכֶם.

As it is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Eliezer says: A person has no way of fulfilling the mitzva of a Festival correctly apart from either eating and drinking, thereby fulfilling the mitzva of joy in a completely physical manner, or sitting and studying Torah, thereby emphasizing only the spiritual; and those who did not engage in Torah study to the fullest extent acted inappropriately. Rabbi Yehoshua says: There is no need for such a dichotomy; rather, simply divide it: Half to God, Torah study, and half to yourselves, engaging in eating, drinking, and other pleasurable activities.

אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: וּשְׁנֵיהֶם מִקְרָא אֶחָד דָּרְשׁוּ. כָּתוּב אֶחָד אוֹמֵר ״עֲצֶרֶת לַה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ״ וְכָתוּב אֶחָד אוֹמֵר ״עֲצֶרֶת תִּהְיֶה לָכֶם״ הָא כֵּיצַד? רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר סָבַר: אוֹ כּוּלּוֹ לַה׳ אוֹ כּוּלּוֹ לָכֶם, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ סָבַר: חַלְּקֵהוּ – חֶצְיוֹ לַה׳ וְחֶצְיוֹ לָכֶם.

Rabbi Yoḥanan said: And both of them derived their opinions from one verse, i.e., the two of them addressed the same apparent contradiction between two verses, resolving it in different ways. One verse states: “It shall be a solemn assembly for the Lord, your God” (Deuteronomy 16:8), indicating a Festival dedicated to the service of God, and one verse states: “It shall be a solemn assembly for you” (Numbers 29:35), indicating a celebratory assembly for the Jewish people. How is this to be reconciled? Rabbi Eliezer holds that the two verses should be understood as offering a choice: The day is to be either entirely for God, in accordance with the one verse, or entirely for you, as per the other verse; and Rabbi Yehoshua holds that it is possible to fulfill both verses: Split the day into two, half of it for God and half of it for you.

מַאי ״לְאֵין נָכוֹן לוֹ״? אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: לְמִי שֶׁלֹּא הִנִּיחַ עֵירוּבֵי תַּבְשִׁילִין. אִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי: מִי שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה לוֹ לְהַנִּיחַ עֵירוּבֵי תַּבְשִׁילִין, אֲבָל מִי שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ לְהַנִּיחַ עֵירוּבֵי תַּבְשִׁילִין וְלֹא הִנִּיחַ – פּוֹשֵׁעַ הוּא.

§ Since the baraita mentions the verse from Nehemiah, the Gemara poses the following question: What is the meaning of: “Send portions to him for whom nothing is prepared” (Nehemiah 8:10)? Rav Ḥisda said: Send to one who does not have food of his own prepared for Shabbat that follows the Festival because he did not prepare a joining of cooked foods and must therefore rely on others. Some say that he said the following: It is necessary to provide food for one who did not have an opportunity to prepare a joining of cooked foods on the eve of the Festival; but one who had an opportunity to prepare a joining of cooked foods and did not prepare one is negligent, and there is no obligation to care for him.

מַאי ״כִּי חֶדְוַת ה׳ הִיא מָעֻזְּכֶם״? אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: אָמַר לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל: בָּנַי, לְווּ עָלַי וְקַדְּשׁוּ קְדוּשַּׁת הַיּוֹם, וְהַאֲמִינוּ בִּי וַאֲנִי פּוֹרֵעַ.

The Gemara poses another question with regard to the same verse: What is the meaning of: “For the joy of the Lord is your strength”? Rabbi Yoḥanan said in the name of Rabbi Eliezer, son of Rabbi Shimon: The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to the Jewish people: My children, borrow on My account, and sanctify the sanctity of the day of Shabbat and the Festivals with wine, and trust in Me, and I will repay this debt.

וְאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: הָרוֹצֶה שֶׁיִּתְקַיְּימוּ נְכָסָיו יִטַּע בָּהֶן אֶדֶר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״אַדִּיר בַּמָּרוֹם ה׳״.

Apropos the statement attributed to Rabbi Yoḥanan in the name of Rabbi Eliezer, son of Rabbi Shimon, the Gemara cites another statement that Rabbi Yoḥanan said in the name of Rabbi Eliezer, son of Rabbi Shimon: One who wants his properties to be preserved and protected from ruin should plant an eder tree among them, as it is stated: “The Lord on high is mighty [ adir ]” (Psalms 93:4). Due to the similarity of the words eder and adir , this is understood to mean that the eder tree bestows permanence.

אִי נַמִי: אִדְרָא כִּשְׁמֵיהּ, כִּדְאָמְרִי אֱינָשֵׁי: מַאי אִדְרָא – דְּקַיְימָא לְדָרֵי דָּרֵי. תַּנְיָא נַמִי הָכִי: שָׂדֶה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ אֶדֶר אֵינָהּ נִגְזֶלֶת, וְאֵינָהּ נֶחְמֶסֶת, וּפֵירוֹתֶיהָ מִשְׁתַּמְּרִין.

Alternatively: The eder tree will preserve one’s property, as implied by its name, as people say: What is alluded to in the name of the eder ? Its name hints that it endures for many generations [ darei ]. This is also taught in a baraita : A field that contains an eder tree will be neither stolen nor forcibly removed from one’s possession, as the eder serves as a clear indication of its owner, and its fruit is preserved, as the unique odor of the eder sap wards off insects.

תָּנֵי רַב תַּחְלִיפָא אֲחוּהּ דְּרַבְנַאי חוֹזָאָה:

§ The Gemara returns to the previous issue: Rav Taḥlifa, brother of Ravnai Ḥoza’a, taught: