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Daniel
Chapter 2וּבִשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְמַלְכוּת נְבֻכַדְנֶצַּר חָלַם נְבֻכַדְנֶצַּר חֲלֹמוֹת וַתִּתְפָּעֶם רוּחוֹ וּשְׁנָתוֹ נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו
And in the second year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, from the consolidation of his kingdom, or after the destruction of the Temple,
וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ לִקְרֹא לַחַרְטֻמִּים וְלָאַשָּׁפִים וְלַמְכַשְּׁפִים וְלַכַּשְׂדִּים לְהַגִּיד לַמֶּלֶךְ חֲלֹמוֹתָיו וַיָּבֹאוּ וַיַּעַמְדוּ לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ
The king said to call the magicians, the enchanters, the sorcerers, and the chaldeans,
וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם הַמֶּלֶךְ חֲלוֹם חָלָמְתִּי וַתִּפָּעֶם רוּחִי לָדַעַת אֶת־הַחֲלוֹם
The king said to them: I dreamed a dream, and my spirit is troubled to know the dream.
וַיְדַבְּרוּ הַכַּשְׂדִּים לַמֶּלֶךְ אֲרָמִית מַלְכָּא לְעָלְמִין חֱיִי אֱמַר חֶלְמָא לְעַבְדָּךְ וּפִשְׁרָא נְחַוֵּא
The chaldeans spoke to the king in Aramaic:
עָנֵה מַלְכָּא וְאָמַר לְכַשְׂדָּאֵי מִלְּתָה מִנִּי אַזְדָּא הֵן לָא תְהוֹדְעוּנַּנִי חֶלְמָא וּפִשְׁרֵהּ הַדָּמִין תִּתְעַבְדוּן וּבָתֵּיכוֹן נְוָלִי יִתְּשָׂמוּן
The king spoke, saying to the chaldeans: The matter is gone from me; I do not remember the details of the dream.
וְהֵן חֶלְמָא וּפִשְׁרֵהּ תְּהַחֲוֹן מַתְּנָן וּנְבִזְבָּה וִיקָר שַׂגִּיא תְּקַבְּלוּן מִן־קֳדָמָי לָהֵן חֶלְמָא וּפִשְׁרֵהּ הַחֲוֹנִי
But if you tell me the dream and its interpretation, you will receive from me gifts and grants and great honor; therefore, tell me the dream and its interpretation.
עֲנוֹ תִנְיָנוּת וְאָמְרִין מַלְכָּא חֶלְמָא יֵאמַר לְעַבְדוֹהִי וּפִשְׁרָה נְהַחֲוֵה
They, the chaldeans, answered a second time and said: Let the king say the dream to his servants, and we will tell the interpretation. We must hear the dream before we can interpret it.
עָנֵה מַלְכָּא וְאָמַר מִן־יַצִּיב יָדַע אֲנָה דִּי עִדָּנָא אַנְתּוּן זָבְנִין כָּל־קֳבֵל דִּי חֲזֵיתוּן דִּי־אַזְדָּא מִנִּי מִלְּתָא
The king spoke, saying: In truth I know that you are buying time, by stalling until I calm down, change my mind, or become distracted by something else;
דִּי הֵן־חֶלְמָא לָא תְהוֹדְעֻנַּנִי חֲדָה־הִיא דָתְכוֹן וּמִלָּה כִדְבָה וּשְׁחִיתָה הִזְדַּמִּנְתּוּן לְמֵאמַר קָדָמַי עַד דִּי עִדָּנָא יִשְׁתַּנֵּא לָהֵן חֶלְמָא אֱמַרוּ לִי וְאִנְדַּע דִּי פִשְׁרֵהּ תְּהַחֲוֻנַּנִי
I therefore declare that if you do not make known to me the dream, there is but one sentence for you; clearly you intended to say before me false and fraudulent matters until the time would change, until enough time had passed and I would involve myself in other matters.
עֲנוֹ כַשְׂדָּאֵי קֳדָם־מַלְכָּא וְאָמְרִין לָא־אִיתַי אֱנָשׁ עַל־יַבֶּשְׁתָּא דִּי מִלַּת מַלְכָּא יוּכַל לְהַחֲוָיָה כָּל־קֳבֵל דִּי כָּל־מֶלֶךְ רַב וְשַׁלִּיט מִלָּה כִדְנָה לָא שְׁאֵל לְכָל־חַרְטֹם וְאָשַׁף וְכַשְׂדָּי
The chaldeans answered before the king, and said: There is not a man on earth who can tell the king’s matter, just as no king, prince, or ruler has asked a matter of this kind from any magician, or enchanter, or chaldean. You are asking for something that no man can do, which no king has ever even thought to request before.
וּמִלְּתָא דִי־מַלְכָּה שָׁאֵל יַקִּירָה וְאָחֳרָן לָא אִיתַי דִּי יְחַוִּנַּהּ קֳדָם מַלְכָּא לָהֵן אֱלָהִין דִּי מְדָרְהוֹן עִם־בִּשְׂרָא לָא אִיתוֹהִי
The matter that the king is asking is difficult; there is no one who can tell it before the king other than the gods, whose abode is not with those who are flesh. Such a difficult matter can be asked only of the gods, not mere mortals.
כָּל־קֳבֵל דְּנָה מַלְכָּא בְּנַס וּקְצַף שַׂגִּיא וַאֲמַר לְהוֹבָדָה לְכֹל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל
For that reason, the king was distressed and very angry, and he said, instructed, to eliminate all the wise men of Babylonia. Since they were unable to meet his expectations he no longer had any respect for them, and decided that it was best to do away with all of them.
וְדָתָא נֶפְקַת וְחַכִּימַיָּא מִתְקַטְּלִין וּבְעוֹ דָּנִיֵּאל וְחַבְרוֹהִי לְהִתְקְטָלָה
The decree was issued, and the wise men were being put to death, and Daniel and his companions were about to be put to death, as they were among those who had studied the wisdom and secrets of the chaldeans.
בֵּאדַיִן דָּנִיֵּאל הֲתִיב עֵטָא וּטְעֵם לְאַרְיוֹךְ רַב־טַבָּחַיָּא דִּי מַלְכָּא דִּי נְפַק לְקַטָּלָה לְחַכִּימֵי בָּבֶל
Then Daniel replied with some words of counsel
עָנֵה וְאָמַר לְאַרְיוֹךְ שַׁלִּיטָא דִי־מַלְכָּא עַל־מָה דָתָא מְהַחְצְפָה מִן־קֳדָם מַלְכָּא אֱדַיִן מִלְּתָא הוֹדַע אַרְיוֹךְ לְדָנִיֵּאל
He, Daniel, spoke, saying to Aryokh the king’s officer: Why is the decree so peremptory from before the king? Then Aryokh informed Daniel of the matter of the king’s dream, and his demand that his sorcerers tell him its contents, and that when they failed to do so he had decreed they should all be killed.
וְדָנִיֵּאל עַל וּבְעָא מִן־מַלְכָּא דִּי זְמַן יִנְתִּן־לֵהּ וּפִשְׁרָא לְהַחֲוָיָה לְמַלְכָּא
Daniel entered, and asked from the king that he be given time, in order to be able to tell the interpretation to the king. He wanted to delay the king’s decree of mass execution so that he could have the opportunity to discern the dream and its interpretation.
אֱדַיִן דָּנִיֵּאל לְבַיְתֵהּ אֲזַל וְלַחֲנַנְיָה מִישָׁאֵל וַעֲזַרְיָה חַבְרוֹהִי מִלְּתָא הוֹדַע
Then Daniel went to his house, and he informed Hananya, Mishael, and Azarya, his companions, of the matter.
וְרַחֲמִין לְמִבְעֵא מִן־קֳדָם אֱלָהּ שְׁמַיָּא עַל־רָזָא דְּנָה דִּי לָא יְהוֹבְדוּן דָּנִיֵּאל וְחַבְרוֹהִי עִם־שְׁאָר חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל
He told them in order for them to request mercy from before the God of heaven with regard to this secret, of the contents of the king’s dream, so that Daniel and his companions would not be eliminated with the rest of the wise men of Babylonia.
אֱדַיִן לְדָנִיֵּאל בְּחֶזְוָא דִי־לֵילְיָא רָזָא גֲלִי אֱדַיִן דָּנִיֵּאל בָּרִךְ לֶאֱלָהּ שְׁמַיָּא
Then the secret was revealed to Daniel in a nocturnal vision. Then Daniel blessed the God of heaven.
עָנֵה דָנִיֵּאל וְאָמַר לֶהֱוֵא שְׁמֵהּ דִּי־אֱלָהָא מְבָרַךְ מִן־עָלְמָא וְעַד־עָלְמָא דִּי חָכְמְתָא וּגְבוּרְתָא דִּי־לֵהּ הִיא
Daniel spoke, saying: May the name of God be blessed forever and ever,
וְהוּא מְהַשְׁנֵא עִדָּנַיָּא וְזִמְנַיָּא מְהַעְדֵּה מַלְכִין וּמְהָקֵים מַלְכִין יָהֵב חָכְמְתָא לְחַכִּימִין וּמַנְדְּעָא לְיָדְעֵי בִינָה
He changes the times and the seasons; He removes kings and establishes kings; He grants wisdom to the wise, and knowledge to those who know understanding;
הוּא גָּלֵא עֲמִיקָתָא וּמְסַתְּרָתָא יָדַע מָה בַחֲשׁוֹכָא וּנְהוֹרָא עִמֵּהּ שְׁרֵא
He reveals the profound and the obscure; He knows what is in the darkness, and the light rests with Him.
לָךְ אֱלָהּ אֲבָהָתִי מְהוֹדֵא וּמְשַׁבַּח אֲנָה דִּי חָכְמְתָא וּגְבוּרְתָא יְהַבְתְּ לִי וּכְעַן הוֹדַעְתַּנִי דִּי־בְעֵינָא מִנָּךְ דִּי־מִלַּת מַלְכָּא הוֹדַעְתֶּנָא
I thank and praise You, God of my fathers; You who have granted me wisdom and might, and now You have let me know that which I asked of You; You have let me know the matter of the king.
כָּל־קֳבֵל דְּנָה דָּנִיֵּאל עַל עַל אַרְיוֹךְ דִּי מַנִּי מַלְכָּא לְהוֹבָדָא לְחַכִּימֵי בָבֶל אֲזַל וְכֵן אֲמַר־לֵהּ לְחַכִּימֵי בָבֶל אַל־תְּהוֹבֵד הַעֵלְנִי קֳדָם מַלְכָּא וּפִשְׁרָא לְמַלְכָּא אֲחַוֵּא
Thereupon Daniel went in to Aryokh, whom the king had appointed to eliminate the wise men of Babylonia. He went to Aryokh and so he said to him: Do not eliminate the wise men of Babylonia; bring me before the king, and I will tell the king the interpretation.
אֱדַיִן אַרְיוֹךְ בְּהִתְבְּהָלָה הַנְעֵל לְדָנִיֵּאל קֳדָם מַלְכָּא וְכֵן אֲמַר־לֵהּ דִּי־הַשְׁכַּחַת גְּבַר מִן־בְּנֵי גָלוּתָא דִּי יְהוּד דִּי פִשְׁרָא לְמַלְכָּא יְהוֹדַע
Then Aryokh brought Daniel before the king in haste, and so he said to him: I found a man, a member of the exile of Judah,
עָנֵה מַלְכָּא וְאָמַר לְדָנִיֵּאל דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר הַאִיתָךְ כָּהֵל לְהוֹדָעֻתַנִי חֶלְמָא דִי־חֲזֵית וּפִשְׁרֵהּ
The king spoke, saying to Daniel, whose name among the gentiles was Beltshatzar, and therefore this was the name by which the king addressed him: Are you able to let me know the dream that I saw, and its interpretation?
עָנֵה דָנִיֵּאל קֳדָם מַלְכָּא וְאָמַר רָזָא דִּי־מַלְכָּא שָׁאֵל לָא חַכִּימִין אָשְׁפִין חַרְטֻמִּין גָּזְרִין יָכְלִין לְהַחֲוָיָה לְמַלְכָּא
Daniel spoke before the king, saying: Not wise men, enchanters, magicians, or oracles, a type of fortune-teller,
בְּרַם אִיתַי אֱלָהּ בִּשְׁמַיָּא גָּלֵא רָזִין וְהוֹדַע לְמַלְכָּא נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא בְּאַחֲרִית יוֹמַיָּא חֶלְמָךְ וְחֶזְוֵי רֵאשָׁךְ עַל־מִשְׁכְּבָךְ דְּנָה הוּא
But there is a God in the heavens, who reveals secrets, and He has informed King Nebuchadnezzar that which will be at the end of days. This is your dream, and the vision in your head which you saw on your bed. After this brief introduction, Daniel describes the dream:
אַנְתְּ מַלְכָּא רַעְיוֹנָךְ עַל־מִשְׁכְּבָךְ סְלִקוּ מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא אַחֲרֵי דְנָה וְגָלֵא רָזַיָּא הוֹדְעָךְ מָה־דִי לֶהֱוֵא
You, the king, your thoughts arose onto your bed. Before you went to sleep, you were thinking of that which will be hereafter. Since you are a powerful king who rules over a large portion of the known world, you wish to know what will occur in the future. He who reveals secrets has informed you of that which will be.
וַאֲנָה לָא בְחָכְמָה דִּי־אִיתַי בִּי מִן־כָּל־חַיַּיָּא רָזָא דְנָה גֱּלִי לִי לָהֵן עַל־דִּבְרַת דִּי פִשְׁרָא לְמַלְכָּא יְהוֹדְעוּן וְרַעְיוֹנֵי לִבְבָךְ תִּנְדַּע
But I, it is not due to wisdom that is in me more than all other living beings that this secret is revealed to me; rather, it is so that the interpretation will be made known to the king, and the thoughts of your heart you will know. I am merely a messenger, sent to tell you matters that you need to know, not in order to display my wisdom, but because God in heaven wants to reveal them to you.
אַנְתְּ מַלְכָּא חָזֵה הֲוַיְתָ וַאֲלוּ צְלֵם חַד שַׂגִּיא צַלְמָא דִכֵּן רַב וְזִיוֵהּ יַתִּיר קָאֵם לְקָבְלָךְ וְרֵוֵהּ דְּחִיל
You, king, were seeing, and behold, there was a giant image. This image, which was great, and its radiance surpassing that of all materials, stood before you; and its appearance was terrifying.
הוּא צַלְמָא רֵאשֵׁהּ דִּי־דְהַב טָב חֲדוֹהִי וּדְרָעוֹהִי דִּי כְסַף מְעוֹהִי וְיַרְכָתֵהּ דִּי נְחָשׁ
That image, its head was of fine gold, its breast and its arms of silver, its belly and its thighs were of bronze,
שָׁקוֹהִי דִּי פַרְזֶל רַגְלוֹהִי מִנְּהֵן דִּי פַרְזֶל וּמִנְּהֵן דִּי חֲסַף
its calves, from the knees down, were of iron, its feet part of them of iron and part of them of clay.
חָזֵה הֲוַיְתָ עַד דִּי הִתְגְּזֶרֶת אֶבֶן דִּי־לָא בִידַיִן וּמְחָת לְצַלְמָא עַל־רַגְלוֹהִי דִּי פַרְזְלָא וְחַסְפָּא וְהַדֶּקֶת הִמּוֹן
You were watching that imposing image until a stone was hewn, not with hands but rather as if by itself, and struck the image on its feet of iron and clay, and crushed them.
בֵּאדַיִן דָּקוּ כַחֲדָה פַּרְזְלָא חַסְפָּא נְחָשָׁא כַּסְפָּא וְדַהֲבָא וַהֲווֹ כְּעוּר מִן־אִדְּרֵי־קַיִט וּנְשָׂא הִמּוֹן רוּחָא וְכָל־אֲתַר לָא־הִשְׁתְּכַח לְהוֹן וְאַבְנָא דִּי־מְחָת לְצַלְמָא הֲוַת לְטוּר רַב וּמְלָאת כָּל־אַרְעָא
Then the iron, the clay, the bronze, the silver, and the gold were pulverized, and became like the chaff of the threshing floors of summer, and the wind carried them, and in no place were they to be found. They were all completely gone. The stone that struck the image became a great mountain, and filled the entire earth.
דְּנָה חֶלְמָא וּפִשְׁרֵהּ נֵאמַר קֳדָם־מַלְכָּא
That is the dream, and we will tell its interpretation before the king. It seems that when Daniel retold this terrifying and cryptic dream, Nebuchadnezzar remembered it. Daniel proceeded to explain the meaning of the dream:
אַנְתְּ מַלְכָּא מֶלֶךְ מַלְכַיָּא דִּי אֱלָהּ שְׁמַיָּא מַלְכוּתָא חִסְנָא וְתָקְפָּא וִיקָרָא יְהַב־לָךְ
You, king, are king of kings, to whom the God of the heavens has given the kingdom, the power, the strength, and the glory.
וּבְכָל־דִּי דָיְרִין בְּנֵי־אֲנָשָׁא חֵיוַת בָּרָא וְעוֹף־שְׁמַיָּא יְהַב בִּידָךְ וְהַשְׁלְטָךְ בְּכָלְּהוֹן אַנְתְּ הוּא רֵאשָׁה דִּי דַהֲבָא
And everywhere the sons of man, the beasts of the field, and the birds of the heavens dwell, He has given into your hand and set your rule over all of them. You have dominion over man, beasts, and birds, and thus, in the dream, you are represented by the head of gold.
וּבָתְרָךְ תְּקוּם מַלְכוּ אָחֳרִי אֲרַע מִנָּךְ וּמַלְכוּ תְלִיתָאָה אָחֳרִי דִּי נְחָשָׁא דִּי תִשְׁלַט בְּכָל־אַרְעָא
After you will arise another kingdom, inferior to yours, represented by the silver, which is under the head of gold; and afterward there will be a third kingdom, of bronze, that will rule over the entire earth.
וּמַלְכוּ רְבִיעָאָה תֶּהֱוֵא תַקִּיפָה כְּפַרְזְלָא כָּל־קֳבֵל דִּי פַרְזְלָא מְהַדֵּק וְחָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא וּכְפַרְזְלָא דִּי־מְרָעַע כָּל־אִלֵּין תַּדִּק וְתֵרֹעַ
The fourth kingdom will be strong as iron; just as iron crushes and flattens everything,
וְדִי־חֲזַיְתָה רַגְלַיָּא וְאֶצְבְּעָתָא מִנְּהֵן חֲסַף דִּי־פֶחָר וּמִנְּהֵן פַּרְזֶל מַלְכוּ פְלִיגָה תֶּהֱוֵה וּמִן־נִצְבְּתָא דִי־פַרְזְלָא לֶהֱוֵא־בַהּ כָּל־קֳבֵל דִּי חֲזַיְתָה פַּרְזְלָא מְעָרַב בַּחֲסַף טִינָא
That which you saw the feet and toes, some of them from potter’s clay and some of them from iron – that is because it will be a divided kingdom. There will be in it of the firmness of the iron, as you saw the iron mixed with earthenware of clay.
וְאֶצְבְּעָת רַגְלַיָּא מִנְּהֵן פַּרְזֶל וּמִנְּהֵן חֲסַף מִן־קְצָת מַלְכוּתָא תֶּהֱוֵה תַקִּיפָה וּמִנַּהּ תֶּהֱוֵא תְבִירָה
The toes of the feet, some of them iron, a strong substance, and some of them earthenware, a fragile material – this alludes to the fact that part of the kingdom will be strong, and some of it will be brittle; the fourth kingdom will be uneven in strength.
וְדִי חֲזַיְתָ פַּרְזְלָא מְעָרַב בַּחֲסַף טִינָא מִתְעָרְבִין לֶהֱוֹן בִּזְרַע אֲנָשָׁא וְלָא־לֶהֱוֹן דָּבְקִין דְּנָה עִם־דְּנָה הֵא־כְדִי פַרְזְלָא לָא מִתְעָרַב עִם־חַסְפָּא
That which you saw the iron mixed with the earthenware of clay, this is the interpretation: They, the peoples of the kingdom represented by these substances, will be mixed together with the offspring of men, they will marry each other, but they will not adhere one to another and form true bonds, just as iron does not mix together with clay.
וּבְיוֹמֵיהוֹן דִּי מַלְכַיָּא אִנּוּן יְקִים אֱלָהּ שְׁמַיָּא מַלְכוּ דִּי לְעָלְמִין לָא תִתְחַבַּל וּמַלְכוּתָה לְעַם אָחֳרָן לָא תִשְׁתְּבִק תַּדִּק וְתָסֵף כָּל־אִלֵּין מַלְכְוָתָא וְהִיא תְּקוּם לְעָלְמַיָּא
In the days of those kings, from the fourth kingdom, the God of the heavens will establish a kingdom that will never be destroyed, and kingdom, dominion, will not be left to another people. It will crush and eliminate all these kingdoms, but it will stand forever.
כָּל־קֳבֵל דִּי־חֲזַיְתָ דִּי מִטּוּרָא אִתְגְּזֶרֶת אֶבֶן דִּי־לָא בִידַיִן וְהַדֶּקֶת פַּרְזְלָא נְחָשָׁא חַסְפָּא כַּסְפָּא וְדַהֲבָא אֱלָהּ רַב הוֹדַע לְמַלְכָּא מָה דִּי לֶהֱוֵא אַחֲרֵי דְנָה וְיַצִּיב חֶלְמָא וּמְהֵימַן פִּשְׁרֵהּ
Daniel summarized: That which you saw, that a stone was hewn from the mountain, not with hands, and it crushed the iron, the bronze, the clay, the silver, and the gold – the great God has informed the king that which will be hereafter. The dream is true and its interpretation reliable. Your dream is not a flight of the imagination, as it actually contains a kind of prophecy of the distant future, and my interpretation of it is the truth.
בֵּאדַיִן מַלְכָּא נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר נְפַל עַל־אַנְפּוֹהִי וּלְדָנִיֵּאל סְגִד וּמִנְחָה וְנִיחֹחִין אֲמַר לְנַסָּכָה לֵהּ
Then King Nebuchadnezzar fell on his face, and he prostrated himself to Daniel and said for a meal offering to be brought and fragrances to be poured out to him, Daniel. Nebuchadnezzar knew that no man could have guessed such a dream; therefore, he saw Daniel as the embodiment of divine holiness, and consequently he bowed down to him.
עָנֵה מַלְכָּא לְדָנִיֵּאל וְאָמַר מִן־קְשֹׁט דִּי אֱלָהֲכוֹן הוּא אֱלָהּ אֱלָהִין וּמָרֵא מַלְכִין וְגָלֵה רָזִין דִּי יְכֵלְתָּ לְמִגְלֵא רָזָא דְנָה
The king spoke to Daniel, saying: It is the truth that your God is God of gods, and Master of kings, and Revealer of secrets, as you have been able to reveal this secret.
אֱדַיִן מַלְכָּא לְדָנִיֵּאל רַבִּי וּמַתְּנָן רַבְרְבָן שַׂגִּיאָן יְהַב־לֵהּ וְהַשְׁלְטֵהּ עַל כָּל־מְדִינַת בָּבֶל וְרַב־סִגְנִין עַל כָּל־חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל
Then the king elevated Daniel, and gave him many great gifts, and set him ruler over the entire province of Babylonia, and appointed him chief prefect, the senior official, over all the wise men of Babylonia.
וְדָנִיֵּאל בְּעָא מִן־מַלְכָּא וּמַנִּי עַל עֲבִידְתָּא דִּי מְדִינַת בָּבֶל לְשַׁדְרַךְ מֵישַׁךְ וַעֲבֵד נְגוֹ וְדָנִיֵּאל בִּתְרַע מַלְכָּא
Daniel requested from the king, and in response to his request he, the king, appointed Shadrakh, Meshakh, and Aved Nego, Hananya, Mishael, and Azarya, over the political affairs of the province of Babylonia, and Daniel was appointed as the chief advisor, and as such he sat at the gate of the king. From his lofty position, Daniel was able to delegate the practical task of managing the kingdom to his colleagues Hananya, Mishael, and Azarya.