וַיֹּ֤אמֶר בָּלָק֙ אֶל־בִּלְעָ֔ם לְכָה־נָּא֙ אֶקָּ֣חֲךָ֔ אֶל־מָק֖וֹם אַחֵ֑ר אוּלַ֤י יִישַׁר֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְקַבֹּ֥תוֹ לִ֖י מִשָּֽׁם׃

Balak said to Bilam: Come please, I will take you to another place; perhaps it will be proper in the eyes of God and you will curse it for me from there. Maybe there our plan will find favor in God’s eyes, and He will allow you to curse Israel.

וַיִּקַּ֥ח בָּלָ֖ק אֶת־בִּלְעָ֑ם רֹ֣אשׁ הַפְּע֔וֹר הַנִּשְׁקָ֖ף עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַיְשִׁימֹֽן׃

Balak took Bilam to the top of Peor, once again to a mountain peak, this time to one that overlooks upon the wilderness, at the edge of the border of Canaan.

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר בִּלְעָם֙ אֶל־בָּלָ֔ק בְּנֵה־לִ֥י בָזֶ֖ה שִׁבְעָ֣ה מִזְבְּחֹ֑ת וְהָכֵ֥ן לִי֙ בָּזֶ֔ה שִׁבְעָ֥ה פָרִ֖ים וְשִׁבְעָ֥ה אֵילִֽים׃

Yet again, Bilam said to Balak: Build me here seven altars, and prepare me here seven bulls and seven rams.

וַיַּ֣עַשׂ בָּלָ֔ק כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר אָמַ֣ר בִּלְעָ֑ם וַיַּ֛עַל פָּ֥ר וָאַ֖יִל בַּמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃

Balak did as Bilam said, and offered up a bull and a ram on each altar.

וַיַּ֣רְא בִּלְעָ֗ם כִּ֣י ט֞וֹב בְּעֵינֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ לְבָרֵ֣ךְ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְלֹא־הָלַ֥ךְ כְּפַֽעַם־בְּפַ֖עַם לִקְרַ֣את נְחָשִׁ֑ים וַיָּ֥שֶׁת אֶל־הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר פָּנָֽיו׃

Bilam saw that it was good in the eyes of the Lord to bless Israel, and that there was no point in trying to seek a way to curse them. And therefore he did not go as each other

וַיִּשָּׂ֨א בִלְעָ֜ם אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּרְא֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שֹׁכֵ֖ן לִשְׁבָטָ֑יו וַתְּהִ֥י עָלָ֖יו ר֥וּחַ אֱלֹהִֽים׃

Bilam raised his eyes, and he saw Israel dwelling quietly according to its tribes and then the spirit of God was upon him.

וַיִּשָּׂ֥א מְשָׁל֖וֹ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר נְאֻ֤ם בִּלְעָם֙ בְּנ֣וֹ בְעֹ֔ר וּנְאֻ֥ם הַגֶּ֖בֶר שְׁתֻ֥ם הָעָֽיִן׃

He launched his oration, and said: The utterance of Bilam son of Beor, and the utterance of the open-eyed [ shetum ha’ayin ] man . The word shetum denotes perforation, and accordingly, shetum ha’ayin means one who sees, who has an open eye.

נְאֻ֕ם שֹׁמֵ֖עַ אִמְרֵי־אֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר מַחֲזֵ֤ה שַׁדַּי֙ יֶֽחֱזֶ֔ה נֹפֵ֖ל וּגְל֥וּי עֵינָֽיִם׃

The utterance of one who hears the sayings of God, the vision of the Almighty he will see; he falls when he receives a vision, in the usual manner of prophets, who would be unable to stand due to the overwhelming force of the prophecy. When he falls, it seems like he has lost all consciousness; however, he receives the revelation with uncovered eyes, as the message is revealed to him:

מַה־טֹּ֥בוּ אֹהָלֶ֖יךָ יַעֲקֹ֑ב מִשְׁכְּנֹתֶ֖יךָ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

After the introductory self-description of the previous verses, Bilam opens this prophecy with a simple blessing: How goodly are your tents, Jacob, your dwellings, Israel.

כִּנְחָלִ֣ים נִטָּ֔יוּ כְּגַנֹּ֖ת עֲלֵ֣י נָהָ֑ר כַּאֲהָלִים֙ נָטַ֣ע יְהוָ֔ה כַּאֲרָזִ֖ים עֲלֵי־מָֽיִם׃

Like streams they, the tents of Israel, diverged, spreading out from one area to another, like gardens that sprout and thrive beside a river; like marigolds planted by the Lord, like cedars beside the water. Cedars are generally planted on mountains rather than near a water source. This metaphor therefore emphasizes the Israelites’ greatness and might: The cedar is large and, as mighty as it is, how much more so would it be if it were planted near water.

יִֽזַּל־מַ֙יִם֙ מִדָּ֣לְיָ֔ו וְזַרְע֖וֹ בְּמַ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים וְיָרֹ֤ם מֵֽאֲגַג֙ מַלְכּ֔וֹ וְתִנַּשֵּׂ֖א מַלְכֻתֽוֹ׃

More and more water will flow from its drawings, from Israel’s buckets that draw water, and its seed shall sprout and further spread in many waters; its king shall rise above Agag, king of the Amalekites, and its, Israel’s, kingdom shall be exalted.

אֵ֚ל מוֹצִיא֣וֹ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם כְּתוֹעֲפֹ֥ת רְאֵ֖ם ל֑וֹ יֹאכַ֞ל גּוֹיִ֣ם צָרָ֗יו וְעַצְמֹתֵיהֶ֛ם יְגָרֵ֖ם וְחִצָּ֥יו יִמְחָֽץ׃

God, who took it out of Egypt, is like the lofty, powerful, and prominent horns of the wild ox for it. God, whose visible power is compared here to the horns of the aurochs, a herbivore, is immediately depicted as a carnivorous lion: He will consume nations of its adversaries; He will crush [ yigarem ] their bones, and break its arrows. Alternatively, yigarem means scrape, as their flesh will be scraped off their bones.

כָּרַ֨ע שָׁכַ֧ב כַּאֲרִ֛י וּכְלָבִ֖יא מִ֣י יְקִימֶ֑נּוּ מְבָרֲכֶ֣יךָ בָר֔וּךְ וְאֹרְרֶ֖יךָ אָרֽוּר׃

Whereas the previous verse was apparently referring to the power of God, fighting on behalf of His people, the allegory now passes seamlessly to the might of Israel itself, received from God: It crouched, it lay like a lion. When the people are resting in their place like a lion and are not waging war, they have the magnificence and power of a crouching lion. And like a great cat, who shall rouse it? Nobody would dare provoke them, as those who bless you are blessed, and those who curse you are cursed.

וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף בָּלָק֙ אֶל־בִּלְעָ֔ם וַיִּסְפֹּ֖ק אֶת־כַּפָּ֑יו וַיֹּ֨אמֶר בָּלָ֜ק אֶל־בִּלְעָ֗ם לָקֹ֤ב אֹֽיְבַי֙ קְרָאתִ֔יךָ וְהִנֵּה֙ בֵּרַ֣כְתָּ בָרֵ֔ךְ זֶ֖ה שָׁלֹ֥שׁ פְּעָמִֽים׃

Balak’s wrath was enflamed against Bilam, as this last prophecy was all about Israel’s success in the present and the future. And he clapped his hands in anger; and Balak said to Bilam: I called you to curse my enemies and behold, you have blessed them these three times.

וְעַתָּ֖ה בְּרַח־לְךָ֣ אֶל־מְקוֹמֶ֑ךָ אָמַ֙רְתִּי֙ כַּבֵּ֣ד אֲכַבֶּדְךָ֔ וְהִנֵּ֛ה מְנָעֲךָ֥ יְהוָ֖ה מִכָּבֽוֹד׃

Now flee to your place. Go home, for I said that if you succeeded I would honor you, and behold, the Lord, who speaks through your mouth, has precluded you from honor.

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר בִּלְעָ֖ם אֶל־בָּלָ֑ק הֲלֹ֗א גַּ֧ם אֶל־מַלְאָכֶ֛יךָ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥חְתָּ אֵלַ֖י דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי לֵאמֹֽר׃

Bilam said to Balak: You have no cause to be angry with me, for did I not also speak to your messengers that you

אִם־יִתֶּן־לִ֨י בָלָ֜ק מְלֹ֣א בֵיתוֹ֮ כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָב֒ לֹ֣א אוּכַ֗ל לַעֲבֹר֙ אֶת־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת טוֹבָ֛ה א֥וֹ רָעָ֖ה מִלִּבִּ֑י אֲשֶׁר־יְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֹת֥וֹ אֲדַבֵּֽר׃

If Balak gives me his house full of silver and gold, I will be unable to violate the directive of the Lord, to perform good or bad on my own; that which the Lord will speak, I will speak? I understand that you will not pay me, as I did not do as you requested. I also accept that you will not honor me, as I failed to fulfill your aspirations. However, your disappointment in me is unwarranted; I did not mislead you, as I informed you upfront that my powers are limited.