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Leviticus
Perek 3וְאִם־זֶ֥בַח שְׁלָמִ֖ים קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ אִ֤ם מִן־הַבָּקָר֙ ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֔יב אִם־זָכָר֙ אִם־נְקֵבָ֔ה תָּמִ֥ים יַקְרִיבֶ֖נּוּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃
If his offering is a peace offering: If he brings it from cattle, whether male or female, he shall offer it unblemished before the Lord. In contrast to the burnt offering, for which one may bring only a male animal, the peace offering may be either male or female. It must still be unblemished, as is the case with regard to all offerings.
RASHI
שלמים.שֶׁמְּטִילִים שָׁלוֹם בָּעוֹלָם; דָּ"אַ: שְׁלָמִים שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם שָׁלוֹם לַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְלַכֹּהֲנִים וְלַבְּעָלִים (ספרא):
וְסָמַ֤ךְ יָדוֹ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ קָרְבָּנ֔וֹ וּשְׁחָט֕וֹ פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְזָרְק֡וּ בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַכֹּהֲנִ֧ים אֶת־הַדָּ֛ם עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃
He, the owner, shall lay his hand on the head of his offering as though to transfer his identity to the animal. And he shall slaughter it at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting in the Tabernacle courtyard, or, during the Temple period, in the Temple courtyard. The rite of slaughter is not considered one of the four proper sacrificial rites; rather, it is a preparatory rite and therefore may be performed by a non-priest. The priestly service commences with the rites involving the blood of the offering: Aaron’s sons, the priests, shall cast the blood around the altar.
וְהִקְרִיב֙ מִזֶּ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֔ים אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָ֑ה אֶת־הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ הַֽמְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַקֶּ֔רֶב וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַחֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַקֶּֽרֶב׃
The peace offering is not burned in its entirety. Rather,
he shall present from the peace offering a portion of the offering that will be burned on the altar as a fire offering to the Lord: The layer of fat
RASHI
ואת כל החלב וגו'.לְהָבִיא חֵלֶב שֶׁעַל הַקֵּבָה דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר לְהָבִיא חֵלֶב שֶׁעַל הַדַּקִּין (שם):
וְאֵת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הַכְּלָיֹ֔ת וְאֶת־הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵהֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַכְּסָלִ֑ים וְאֶת־הַיֹּתֶ֙רֶת֙ עַל־הַכָּבֵ֔ד עַל־הַכְּלָי֖וֹת יְסִירֶֽנָּה׃
Also included in the portion of the offering burned on the altar are
the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, that is on the flanks. This refers to the fat of the animal’s flanks, which lies on the kidneys and extends to the hindquarters.
RASHI
הכסלים.פלנק"ש בְּלַעַז; שֶׁהַחֵלֶב שֶׁעַל הַכְּלָיוֹת כְּשֶׁהַבְּהֵמָה חַיָּה הוּא בְּגֹבַהּ הַכְּסָלִים מִלְּמַטָּה, וְזֶה הַחֵלֶב שֶׁתַּחַת הַמָּתְנַיִם — שֶׁקּוֹרִין בְּלַעַז לונבי"לוש — לֹבֶן הַנִּרְאֶה לְמַעְלָה בְּגֹבַהּ הַכְּסָלִים, וּבְתַחְתִּיתוֹ הַבָּשָֹר חוֹפֵהוּ:
היתרת.הוּא דֹּפֶן הַמָּסָךְ שֶׁקּוֹרִין איברי"ש, וּבְלָשׁוֹן אֲרַמִּי חִצְרָא דְּכַבְדָּא:
על הכבד.שֶׁיִּטֹּל מִן הַכָּבֵד עִמָּהּ מְעַט, וּבְמָקוֹם אַחֵר הוּא אוֹמֵר וְאֶת הַיֹּתֶרֶת מִן הַכָּבֵד (ויקרא ט'):
על הכבד על הכליות.לְבַד מִן הַכָּבֵד וּלְבַד מִן הַכְּלָיוֹת יְסִירֶנָּה לְזוֹ:
וְהִקְטִ֨ירוּ אֹת֤וֹ בְנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹן֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה עַל־הָ֣עֹלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־הָעֵצִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הָאֵ֑שׁ אִשֵּׁ֛ה רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַֽיהוָֽה׃ (פ)
Aaron’s sons shall burn it, the above sections of the animal, which are burned as one unit,
RASHI
על העלה.מִלְּבַד הָעוֹלָה; לִמְּדָנוּ שֶׁתִּקְדֹּם עוֹלַת תָּמִיד לְכָל קָרְבָּן עַל הַמַּעֲרָכָה (זבחים פ"ט):
וְאִם־מִן־הַצֹּ֧אן קָרְבָּנ֛וֹ לְזֶ֥בַח שְׁלָמִ֖ים לַיהוָ֑ה זָכָר֙ א֣וֹ נְקֵבָ֔ה תָּמִ֖ים יַקְרִיבֶֽנּוּ׃
If his offering is from the flock as a peace offering to the Lord, rather than from cattle, then it may also be male or female; unblemished he shall present it. The rites of the peace offering are identical irrespective of the type of animal brought. The details are reiterated three times with slight differences. The necessity for this repetition is discussed in the halakhic midrash.
אִם־כֶּ֥שֶׂב הֽוּא־מַקְרִ֖יב אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ וְהִקְרִ֥יב אֹת֖וֹ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃
If he brings a lamb as his offering, he shall bring it before the Lord to the Tabernacle’s entrance.
RASHI
אם כשב.לְפִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּאֵמוּרֵי הַכֶּשֶׂב מַה שֶּׁאֵין בְּאֵמוּרֵי הָעֵז, שֶׁהַכֶּשֶׂב אַלְיָתוֹ קְרֵבָה, לְכָךְ נֶחְלְקוּ לִשְׁתֵּי פָּרָשִׁיּוֹת (ספרא):
וְסָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־יָדוֹ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ קָרְבָּנ֔וֹ וְשָׁחַ֣ט אֹת֔וֹ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְ֠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־דָּמ֛וֹ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃
He shall lay his hand on the head of his offering, and slaughter it before the Tent of Meeting. The Torah reiterates the rites of the peace offering: Aaron’s sons shall cast its blood around the altar.
RASHI
וזרקו.שְׁתֵּי מַתָּנוֹת שֶׁהֵן אַרְבַּע; וְעַל יְדֵי הַכְּלִי הוּא זוֹרֵק, וְאֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן בָּאֶצְבַּע אֶלָּא חַטָּאת (זבחים נ"ה):
וְהִקְרִ֨יב מִזֶּ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֮ אִשֶּׁ֣ה לַיהוָה֒ חֶלְבּוֹ֙ הָאַלְיָ֣ה תְמִימָ֔ה לְעֻמַּ֥ת הֶעָצֶ֖ה יְסִירֶ֑נָּה וְאֶת־הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ הַֽמְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַקֶּ֔רֶב וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַחֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַקֶּֽרֶב׃
He shall present from the peace offering a fire offering, the part burned by fire, to the Lord. There is one difference with regard to the lamb peace offering, due to which the entire set of rites is reiterated: Its fats include the long, thick, and fatty tail
RASHI
חלבו.הַמֻּבְחָר שֶׁבּוֹ, וּמַהוּ? זֶה הָאַלְיָה תְּמִימָה:
לעמת העצה.לְמַעְלָה מִן הַכְּלָיוֹת הַיּוֹעֲצוֹת:
וְאֵת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הַכְּלָיֹ֔ת וְאֶת־הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵהֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַכְּסָלִ֑ים וְאֶת־הַיֹּתֶ֙רֶת֙ עַל־הַכָּבֵ֔ד עַל־הַכְּלָיֹ֖ת יְסִירֶֽנָּה׃
the two kidneys, the fat that is on them, that is on the flanks, and the diaphragm above the liver, with the kidneys he shall remove it.
וְהִקְטִיר֥וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה לֶ֥חֶם אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה׃ (פ)
The priest shall burn it, the aforementioned part of the offering, on the altar; it is the food
RASHI
לחם אשה לה'.לַחְמוֹ שֶׁל אֵשׁ לְשֵׁם גָּבוֹהַּ:
לחם.לְשׁוֹן מַאֲכָל, וְכֵן נַשְׁחִיתָה עֵץ בְּלַחְמוֹ (ירמיהו י"א), עֲבַד לְחֶם רַב (דניאל ה'), לִשְֹחוֹק עֹשִֹׁים לֶחֶם (קהלת י'):
וְאִ֥ם עֵ֖ז קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ וְהִקְרִיב֖וֹ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃
If his offering is a goat, he shall bring it before the Lord. The Torah again reiterates the details of the peace offering, in this case with regard to the sacrifice of a goat. Although sheep and goats are closely related, the sheep's tail is included in the portion of the peace offering burned on the altar, while the goat’s tail is not. The laws of each are therefore presented separately.
וְסָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־יָדוֹ֙ עַל־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וְשָׁחַ֣ט אֹת֔וֹ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְ֠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־דָּמ֛וֹ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃
He shall lay his hand upon its head, and slaughter it before the Tent of Meeting; the sons of Aaron shall cast its blood around the altar.
וְהִקְרִ֤יב מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ קָרְבָּנ֔וֹ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽיהוָ֑ה אֶת־הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ הַֽמְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַקֶּ֔רֶב וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַחֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַקֶּֽרֶב׃
He shall present from it his offering, a fire offering to the Lord: The fat that covers the innards, all the fat that is on the innards,
וְאֵת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הַכְּלָיֹ֔ת וְאֶת־הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵהֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַכְּסָלִ֑ים וְאֶת־הַיֹּתֶ֙רֶת֙ עַל־הַכָּבֵ֔ד עַל־הַכְּלָיֹ֖ת יְסִירֶֽנָּה׃
the two kidneys, the fat that is on them that is on the flanks, and the diaphragm above the liver, with the kidneys he shall remove it. The tail is not mentioned because the goat’s tail, which is not as fatty as the tail of a sheep, is not burned on the altar.
וְהִקְטִירָ֥ם הַכֹּהֵ֖ן הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה לֶ֤חֶם אִשֶּׁה֙ לְרֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ כָּל־חֵ֖לֶב לַיהוָֽה׃
The priest shall burn them on the altar; it is the food of the fire offering for a pleasing aroma. All the fat of the animal is burned on the altar as an offering for the Lord.
חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכֹ֖ל מֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶ֑ם כָּל־חֵ֥לֶב וְכָל־דָּ֖ם לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽלוּ׃ (פ)
It shall be an eternal statute for your generations, irrespective of whether or not the Temple is standing and offerings can be sacrificed, in all your dwellings, both in the Land of Israel and outside the Land of Israel: All fat and all blood you shall not eat.
RASHI
חקת עולם.יָפֶה מְפֹרָשׁ בְּתוֹרַת כֹּהֲנִים כָּל הַפָּסוּק הַזֶּה: