לֹא־תַעֲשׂ֥וּ עָ֙וֶל֙ בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט לֹא־תִשָּׂ֣א פְנֵי־דָ֔ל וְלֹ֥א תֶהְדַּ֖ר פְּנֵ֣י גָד֑וֹל בְּצֶ֖דֶק תִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט עֲמִיתֶֽךָ׃

You shall not perform injustice in judgment. This is a general demand for honesty in judgment. Furthermore, not only is it prohibited to discriminate against those on the margins of society, but you shall not favor the impoverished as well, and conversely, you shall not defer to the great; do not favor either of the litigants. With righteousness you shall judge your counterpart, regardless of his identity or status.

לֹא־תֵלֵ֤ךְ רָכִיל֙ בְּעַמֶּ֔יךָ לֹ֥א תַעֲמֹ֖ד עַל־דַּ֣ם רֵעֶ֑ךָ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃

You shall not go as a gossip among your people : Do not recount in one place certain rumors or private matters that you heard or witnessed in another place. Additionally, when you see a member of Israel in danger or distress, you shall not stand by the blood of your neighbor. That is, one must attempt to come to his aid if he is in distress. This is true even if the matter is not actually one of life and death. I am the Lord, and My commands must be obeyed. Furthermore, given that one might easily shirk this responsibility by claiming that he was unaware of his neighbor’s distress, that he was in a hurry or was busy, that he did not think his assistance was critical, or that the situation was too dangerous to intervene in, God declares: I am the Lord, and I know the truth.

לֹֽא־תִשְׂנָ֥א אֶת־אָחִ֖יךָ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ הוֹכֵ֤חַ תּוֹכִ֙יחַ֙ אֶת־עֲמִיתֶ֔ךָ וְלֹא־תִשָּׂ֥א עָלָ֖יו חֵֽטְא׃

You shall not hate your brother in your heart. Although this would seem to be a general commandment, its practical ramifications are limited. The verse does not refer to actions that express hatred, but to the harboring of negative feelings in one’s heart. Indeed, the verse instructs an alternative course of action: You shall rebuke your neighbor, and thereby you shall not bear a sin because of him . If you keep these matters in your heart and do not reprove him, this will be considered a sin.

לֹֽא־תִקֹּ֤ם וְלֹֽא־תִטֹּר֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְאָֽהַבְתָּ֥ לְרֵעֲךָ֖ כָּמ֑וֹךָ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃

You shall not take vengeance upon someone who has wronged you or withheld some benefit from you; do not treat him as he treated you. Now, there are some who will refrain from seeking actual vengeance, but will harbor anger in their hearts. To counter this, the verse states: You shall not even bear any grudge in your heart. Although taking vengeance or bearing a grudge may be legitimate courses of action against foreign enemies, it is prohibited to do so against members of your people . You shall love your neighbor as yourself: I am the Lord. As above, the declaration “I am the Lord” serves to emphasize two points: On the one hand, although it is morally appropriate and even socially beneficial to love one’s neighbor, these are not the motivations for this commandment. Rather, you must love your neighbor as yourself because God has commanded it. On the other hand, since God alone can judge the relationship between one’s deeds and emotions, it is crucial to remind the people that this commandment, which pertains to the inner feelings of the individual, comes from God, and He can see what hides in one’s heart.

אֶֽת־חֻקֹּתַי֮ תִּשְׁמֹרוּ֒ בְּהֶמְתְּךָ֙ לֹא־תַרְבִּ֣יעַ כִּלְאַ֔יִם שָׂדְךָ֖ לֹא־תִזְרַ֣ע כִּלְאָ֑יִם וּבֶ֤גֶד כִּלְאַ֙יִם֙ שַֽׁעַטְנֵ֔ז לֹ֥א יַעֲלֶ֖ה עָלֶֽיךָ׃ (פ)

You shall observe My statutes; you shall not breed your animal with diverse kinds , you shall not crossbreed them. The verse does not state that such diverse kinds are unpleasant, harmful, or otherwise dangerous. This prohibition is a divine decree for which there is no utilitarian explanation. Likewise, you shall not sow your field with diverse kinds of seeds; and a garment that is a mixture of diverse kinds, of wool and linen, shall not be put on by you.

וְ֠אִישׁ כִּֽי־יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אֶת־אִשָּׁ֜ה שִׁכְבַת־זֶ֗רַע וְהִ֤וא שִׁפְחָה֙ נֶחֱרֶ֣פֶת לְאִ֔ישׁ וְהָפְדֵּה֙ לֹ֣א נִפְדָּ֔תָה א֥וֹ חֻפְשָׁ֖ה לֹ֣א נִתַּן־לָ֑הּ בִּקֹּ֧רֶת תִּהְיֶ֛ה לֹ֥א יוּמְת֖וּ כִּי־לֹ֥א חֻפָּֽשָׁה׃

A man, if he lies sexually with a woman, and she is a maidservant, designated for a man, and she was not redeemed with money, or full freedom was not granted her , there shall be an inspection. If she was a willing participant, she receives a punishment. However, they shall not be put to death, unlike in the case of a married woman, because she, the maidservant, was not freed. This transgression is not a capital offense. So long as she has not been fully freed, her bond to a man has an intermediate status, and she is not considered a married woman.

וְהֵבִ֤יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמוֹ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה אֶל־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד אֵ֖יל אָשָֽׁם׃

Nevertheless, since he has sinned, he shall bring his guilt offering to the Lord, to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, a ram of a guilt offering. Although he is not subject to formal punishment, his act must be remedied, and to that end he brings a ram as an offering.

וְכִפֶּר֩ עָלָ֨יו הַכֹּהֵ֜ן בְּאֵ֤יל הָֽאָשָׁם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה עַל־חַטָּאת֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֑א וְנִסְלַ֣ח ל֔וֹ מֵחַטָּאת֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָֽא׃ (פ)

The priest shall atone for him with the ram of the guilt offering before the Lord for his sin that he has sinned; and he shall be forgiven for his sin that he has sinned.