וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃

The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:

דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֜ר י֗וֹם לַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי֙ הַזֶּ֔ה חַ֧ג הַסֻּכּ֛וֹת שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים לַיהֹוָֽה׃

Speak to the children of Israel, saying: On the fifteenth day of this seventh month is the Festival of Tabernacles for seven days to the Lord.

בַּיּ֥וֹם הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן מִקְרָא־קֹ֑דֶשׁ כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃

On the first day is a holy convocation; you shall not perform any toilsome labor.

שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָ֑ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֡י מִקְרָא־קֹדֶשׁ֩ יִהְיֶ֨ה לָכֶ֜ם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם אִשֶּׁ֤ה לַֽיהוָה֙ עֲצֶ֣רֶת הִ֔וא כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ׃

For seven days you shall present a fire offering to the Lord each day, as detailed elsewhere. On the eighth day shall be a holy convocation for you, and you shall bring a fire offering to the Lord. It is an assembly, a general gathering for God and the Jewish people. You shall not perform any toilsome labor on this day.

אֵ֚לֶּה מוֹעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־תִּקְרְא֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם מִקְרָאֵ֣י קֹ֑דֶשׁ לְהַקְרִ֨יב אִשֶּׁ֜ה לַיהוָ֗ה עֹלָ֧ה וּמִנְחָ֛ה זֶ֥בַח וּנְסָכִ֖ים דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּיוֹמֽוֹ׃

The Torah concludes: These are the appointed times of the Lord, which you shall proclaim and observe as holy convocations, to present a fire offering to the Lord: a burnt offering and a meal offering, a feast offering and libations, each day’s matter on its day. On each festival day one must present the offerings prescribed for that day. On some of these days toilsome labor is prohibited, and with regard to some of these days the Torah sets down specific commandments.

מִלְּבַ֖ד שַׁבְּתֹ֣ת יְּהוָ֑ה וּמִלְּבַ֣ד מַתְּנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם וּמִלְּבַ֤ד כָּל־נִדְרֵיכֶם֙ וּמִלְּבַד֙ כָּל־נִדְב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּתְּנ֖וּ לַיהוָֽה׃

The festival offerings are besides the offerings of the Sabbaths of the Lord, which are detailed elsewhere, and besides your gifts to the Temple, and besides all your vows, offerings that one vowed to bring to the Temple, and besides all your pledges, specific animals that one pledged to bring as an offering (see 22:21). The offerings presented on the festivals are besides those offerings that you give to the Lord even at other times of year.

אַ֡ךְ בַּחֲמִשָּׁה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֜וֹם לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י בְּאָסְפְּכֶם֙ אֶת־תְּבוּאַ֣ת הָאָ֔רֶץ תָּחֹ֥גּוּ אֶת־חַג־יְהוָ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים בַּיּ֤וֹם הָֽרִאשׁוֹן֙ שַׁבָּת֔וֹן וּבַיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֖י שַׁבָּתֽוֹן׃

However, in addition to the characteristics common to all of the festival days, the offerings and the prohibition of toilsome labor, the Festival of Tabernacles has unique characteristics, which pertain to the timing of the festival, during the rejoicing over the gathering of one’s produce: On the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you gather the produce of the land, you shall celebrate the Festival of the Lord seven days, presenting the festival offerings. On the first day there shall be a day of rest, and on the eighth day there shall be a day of rest. These are the holy convocations mentioned above (23:35–36).

וּלְקַחְתֶּ֨ם לָכֶ֜ם בַּיּ֣וֹם הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן פְּרִ֨י עֵ֤ץ הָדָר֙ כַּפֹּ֣ת תְּמָרִ֔ים וַעֲנַ֥ף עֵץ־עָבֹ֖ת וְעַרְבֵי־נָ֑חַל וּשְׂמַחְתֶּ֗ם לִפְנֵ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃

You shall take for you on the first day the fruit of a pleasant tree, identified by tradition as the citron, an etrog ; branches of date palms, identified by tradition as the lulav , a young branch of a date palm, the leaves of which have yet to separate and are still bound to the branch’s spine; a bough of a leafy tree, a myrtle branch; and branches of willows of the brook, a species of tree that typically grows next to streams. You shall rejoice with these four species before the Lord your God, in the Temple, seven days . The taking of these four species together expresses the celebration and joy of these days. The Jewish people go forth with these plants in their hands, which they wave like flags.

וְחַגֹּתֶ֤ם אֹתוֹ֙ חַ֣ג לַֽיהוָ֔ה שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים בַּשָּׁנָ֑ה חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י תָּחֹ֥גּוּ אֹתֽוֹ׃

You shall celebrate it as a festival to the Lord seven days in the year, an eternal statute for your generations; in the seventh month you shall celebrate it.

בַּסֻּכֹּ֥ת תֵּשְׁב֖וּ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים כָּל־הָֽאֶזְרָח֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יֵשְׁב֖וּ בַּסֻּכֹּֽת׃

There is another commandment that is unique to the Festival of Tabernacles: You shall live in booths seven days. The Torah does not describe the precise manner in which these booths, or sukkot , must be constructed. Some of the laws concerning these booths are derived from verses, while others are part of the Sages’ oral tradition. Every native, every permanent resident, in Israel shall live in booths. This excludes gentiles who reside in the Land of Israel. Even if they reside there permanently and observe the Noahide commandments, they are not defined as “natives.”

לְמַעַן֮ יֵדְע֣וּ דֹרֹֽתֵיכֶם֒ כִּ֣י בַסֻּכּ֗וֹת הוֹשַׁ֙בְתִּי֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּהוֹצִיאִ֥י אוֹתָ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃

You shall dwell in booths so that your generations will know that I had the children of Israel live in booths when I took them out of the land of Egypt. I am the Lord your God. The dwelling in booths is intended to recall the exodus from Egypt. By dwelling in a booth, one places himself in a similar environment to that of the Israelites who wandered in the wilderness. While the people dwelt in the wilderness they lacked fixed accommodations, whereas previously, in Egypt, and subsequently, when they entered the land of Canaan, they dwelt in houses. Apparently, during their journey in the wilderness, the Israelites did not dwell in tents but took cover in the shade of booths, temporary dwellings constructed from any available material.

וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶת־מֹעֲדֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (פ)

Moses spoke to the children of Israel the appointed times of the Lord. He told them all the aforementioned festivals, which comprise all of the festivals that appear in the Torah.