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Bechukotai

Aliya 1

אִם־בְּחֻקֹּתַ֖י תֵּלֵ֑כוּ וְאֶת־מִצְוֺתַ֣י תִּשְׁמְר֔וּ וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָֽם׃

God promises: If you follow My statutes that I have made known to you, and observe My commandments, which further establish what paths one may not follow, and perform them,

RASHI

אם בחקתי תלכו.יָכוֹל זֶה קִיּוּם הַמִּצְווֹת, כְּשֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר וְאֶת מִצְוֹתַי תִּשְׁמְרוּ וַעֲשִיתֶם אֹתָם הֲרֵי קִיּוּם הַמִּצְווֹת אָמוּר, הָא מָה אֲנִי מְקַיֵּם אִם בְּחֻקֹּתַי תֵּלֵכוּ? שֶׁתִּהְיוּ עֲמֵלִים בַּתּוֹרָה (ספרא):

ואת מצותי תשמרו.הֱווּ עֲמֵלִים בַּתּוֹרָה עַל מְנָת לִשְׁמֹר וּלְקַיֵּם, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּלְמַדְתֶּם אֹתָם וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם לַעֲשֹׂתָם" (דברים ה'):

וְנָתַתִּ֥י גִשְׁמֵיכֶ֖ם בְּעִתָּ֑ם וְנָתְנָ֤ה הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ יְבוּלָ֔הּ וְעֵ֥ץ הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה יִתֵּ֥ן פִּרְיֽוֹ׃

I will provide your rains in their season. For workers of the land, not only is the overall yearly amount of rainfall important, but their precise distribution during the agricultural year is of no less significance. And when rain falls at the desired times, then the land shall yield its produce, and the tree of the field shall yield its fruit. If rain does not come at the right time, the fertility of the land is reduced, and even if the plants and trees grow, the course of their development will be adversely affected.

RASHI

בעתם.בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאֵין דֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לָצֵאת, כְּגוֹן בְּלֵילֵי שַׁבָּתוֹת (ספרא; תענית כ"ג):

ועץ השדה.הֵן אִילָנֵי סְרָק, וַעֲתִידִין לַעֲשׂוֹת פֵּרוֹת (ספרא):

וְהִשִּׂ֨יג לָכֶ֥ם דַּ֙יִשׁ֙ אֶת־בָּצִ֔יר וּבָצִ֖יר יַשִּׂ֣יג אֶת־זָ֑רַע וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם לַחְמְכֶם֙ לָשֹׂ֔בַע וִֽישַׁבְתֶּ֥ם לָבֶ֖טַח בְּאַרְצְכֶֽם׃

When the harvest is successful, your threshing, which starts at the beginning of the summer months, when the barley ripens, followed by the wheat harvest, shall reach until grape harvest. The grapes start to ripen during the months of Tammuz to Av, July to August. In a year of blessing, each one of these stages shall lengthen, so that they follow in an uninterrupted sequence. And therefore the grape harvest shall reach until sowing, the season for sowing the fields at the beginning of the next agricultural year, after the summer. The unbroken succession of these agricultural seasons is indicative of the earth’s fertility. You shall eat your food to repletion, and although a rich, productive land generally tempts enemies to come and seek to conquer it, you shall live in your land in security.

RASHI

והשיג לכם דיש את בציר.שֶׁיְּהֵא הַדַּיִשׁ מְרֻבֶּה, וְאַתֶּם עֲסוּקִים בּוֹ עַד הַבָּצִיר, וּבַבָּצִיר תַּעַסְקוּ עַד שְׁעַת הַזֶּרַע (ספרא):

ואכלתם לחמכם לשבע.אוֹכֵל קִמְעָא וְהוּא מִתְבָּרֵךְ בְּמֵעָיו: