וַיְהִ֗י אַחֲרֵי֙ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְיוֹסֵ֔ף הִנֵּ֥ה אָבִ֖יךָ חֹלֶ֑ה וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־שְׁנֵ֤י בָנָיו֙ עִמּ֔וֹ אֶת־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה וְאֶת־אֶפְרָֽיִם׃

It was after these matters that one, an unnamed person, said to Joseph: Behold, your father is ill. In the previous episode, Jacob had sensed that he was going to die soon; at this point, he became very ill. He, Joseph, took his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim, with him.

וַיַּגֵּ֣ד לְיַעֲקֹ֔ב וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּ֛ה בִּנְךָ֥ יוֹסֵ֖ף בָּ֣א אֵלֶ֑יךָ וַיִּתְחַזֵּק֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב עַל־הַמִּטָּֽה׃

One told Jacob and said: Behold, your son Joseph is coming to you. Joseph likely lived in the capital city, which was far from Goshen, and therefore he could not visit his father frequently. When he was notified that Joseph was coming to visit, Israel exerted himself, and he sat upon the bed instead of lying on it, as he wanted to greet the viceroy in a dignified manner. In addition, perhaps sitting was the more appropriate position for the nature of the conversation that Jacob wished to conduct with his son.

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יַעֲקֹב֙ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֔ף אֵ֥ל שַׁדַּ֛י נִרְאָֽה־אֵלַ֥י בְּל֖וּז בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וַיְבָ֖רֶךְ אֹתִֽי׃

Jacob said to Joseph: God Almighty appeared to me in Luz, also known as Beit El, in the land of Canaan, and He blessed me.

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י הִנְנִ֤י מַפְרְךָ֙ וְהִרְבִּיתִ֔ךָ וּנְתַתִּ֖יךָ לִקְהַ֣ל עַמִּ֑ים וְנָ֨תַתִּ֜י אֶת־הָאָ֧רֶץ הַזֹּ֛את לְזַרְעֲךָ֥ אַחֲרֶ֖יךָ אֲחֻזַּ֥ת עוֹלָֽם׃

He said to me: Behold, I will make you fruitful and multiply you, and I will render you an assembly of peoples, and I will give this land to your descendants after you as an eternal portion. Jacob received these two promises in his dream at Beit El on his way to Haran (28:12–15) and in his prophetic vision in the same location many years later, upon his return to Canaan (35:9–12). Although the greatness he was promised had yet to materialize, the assurance gave him the strength and authority to deliver blessings that would shape the future of his family and their land, as though God’s promises had already come to pass at that time.

וְעַתָּ֡ה שְׁנֵֽי־בָנֶיךָ֩ הַנּוֹלָדִ֨ים לְךָ֜ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם עַד־בֹּאִ֥י אֵלֶ֛יךָ מִצְרַ֖יְמָה לִי־הֵ֑ם אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ וּמְנַשֶּׁ֔ה כִּרְאוּבֵ֥ן וְשִׁמְע֖וֹן יִֽהְיוּ־לִֽי׃

And now, based on the aforementioned promises, your two sons, who were born to you in the land of Egypt before my coming to you to Egypt, they are mine; I am adopting them as though they were my children. Ephraim and Manasseh, like Reuben and Simeon they shall be for me. Your first and second sons, my grandsons, will be elevated to equivalent status as that of my own first and second sons.

וּמוֹלַדְתְּךָ֛ אֲשֶׁר־הוֹלַ֥דְתָּ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם לְךָ֣ יִהְי֑וּ עַ֣ל שֵׁ֧ם אֲחֵיהֶ֛ם יִקָּרְא֖וּ בְּנַחֲלָתָֽם׃

Manasseh and Ephraim were Joseph’s older sons, born before the onset of the years of famine. Even if no children had been born to Joseph during the famine, as the Sages maintain, he likely had others after those difficult years. However, as they were still young at this point, the matter that Jacob is discussing does not apply to them. And therefore, your progeny that you beget after them, after Manasseh and Ephraim, they shall be yours and considered part of your immediate family, not as my adopted sons. This means that they shall be called after the name of their brothers in their inheritance. When the inheritance is divided among the sons of Jacob, those sons shall be considered part of the tribe of Ephraim or of Manasseh.

וַאֲנִ֣י ׀ בְּבֹאִ֣י מִפַּדָּ֗ן מֵ֩תָה֩ עָלַ֨י רָחֵ֜ל בְּאֶ֤רֶץ כְּנַ֙עַן֙ בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ בְּע֥וֹד כִּבְרַת־אֶ֖רֶץ לָבֹ֣א אֶפְרָ֑תָה וָאֶקְבְּרֶ֤הָ שָּׁם֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ אֶפְרָ֔ת הִ֖וא בֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃

And I, when coming back from Padan Aram, your mother Rachel died on me in the land of Canaan on the road, while still some distance to arrive at Efrat, not in an inhabited area. And therefore I buried her there on the road to Efrat, which is another name for Bethlehem. Since it was impractical to bring her to the family burial plot in Hebron, I buried her where she died. Indeed, to this day the tombstone assumed to mark Rachel’s grave is located outside the city of Bethlehem. In the past, it was presumably even farther outside of the city than it is currently.

וַיַּ֥רְא יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֑ף וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מִי־אֵֽלֶּה׃

Israel saw Joseph’s sons, and he said: Who are these? Perhaps due to the distance between Joseph’s and Jacob’s places of residence, Jacob did not see his grandchildren very often, and therefore he did not recognize them. Although he had met them a few years earlier, their appearances had certainly changed in the meantime. Moreover, Jacob’s vision had deteriorated (verse 10), which may be why he did not immediately identify his grandsons.

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יוֹסֵף֙ אֶל־אָבִ֔יו בָּנַ֣י הֵ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־נָֽתַן־לִ֥י אֱלֹהִ֖ים בָּזֶ֑ה וַיֹּאמַ֕ר קָֽחֶם־נָ֥א אֵלַ֖י וַאֲבָרֲכֵֽם׃

Joseph said to his father: They are my sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, whom you mentioned previously, whom God has given me here. Jacob subsequently remembers and identifies the boys. Despite his physical impairment, his mental capacities were still fully intact. Therefore, he said decisively: Please take them to me, and I will bless them.

וְעֵינֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כָּבְד֣וּ מִזֹּ֔קֶן לֹ֥א יוּכַ֖ל לִרְא֑וֹת וַיַּגֵּ֤שׁ אֹתָם֙ אֵלָ֔יו וַיִּשַּׁ֥ק לָהֶ֖ם וַיְחַבֵּ֥ק לָהֶֽם׃

And the eyes of Israel were heavy with age. At that time there was no way to cure the degeneration of vision in old age. Once one’s vision became cloudy, one could distinguish only between light and darkness. Therefore, he was unable to see anything other than shadows. He, Joseph, had them approach him and he, Jacob, kissed them, and he embraced them.

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֔ף רְאֹ֥ה פָנֶ֖יךָ לֹ֣א פִלָּ֑לְתִּי וְהִנֵּ֨ה הֶרְאָ֥ה אֹתִ֛י אֱלֹהִ֖ים גַּ֥ם אֶת־זַרְעֶֽךָ׃

Israel said to Joseph: I did not expect to see your face after so many years, as I did not believe it was possible, and behold, not only has this occurred, but God has shown me your offspring as well. Before bestowing his blessing, Jacob strengthens himself through this expression of amazement and praise.

וַיּוֹצֵ֥א יוֹסֵ֛ף אֹתָ֖ם מֵעִ֣ם בִּרְכָּ֑יו וַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ לְאַפָּ֖יו אָֽרְצָה׃

Manasseh and Ephraim, who were still young at the time, had been standing between Joseph’s knees. Joseph took them out from between his knees, and he prostrated himself on his face to the earth. Joseph bowed not to Jacob, but to God, in preparation for the upcoming revelation.

וַיִּקַּ֣ח יוֹסֵף֮ אֶת־שְׁנֵיהֶם֒ אֶת־אֶפְרַ֤יִם בִּֽימִינוֹ֙ מִשְּׂמֹ֣אל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶת־מְנַשֶּׁ֥ה בִשְׂמֹאל֖וֹ מִימִ֣ין יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּגֵּ֖שׁ אֵלָֽיו׃

Joseph took the two of them: He brought Ephraim, his younger son, in his right hand, so that he would be to the left of Israel, who was opposite him, with the younger son on his father’s left side, in the customary manner. And he took Manasseh, his older son, in his left hand, to the right of Israel, and he had them approach him.

וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל אֶת־יְמִינ֜וֹ וַיָּ֨שֶׁת עַל־רֹ֤אשׁ אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ וְה֣וּא הַצָּעִ֔יר וְאֶת־שְׂמֹאל֖וֹ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה שִׂכֵּל֙ אֶת־יָדָ֔יו כִּ֥י מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה הַבְּכֽוֹר׃

Contrary to Joseph’s expectation that Jacob would extend his hands directly across onto his sons’ heads, Israel extended his right hand, which was opposite Manasseh, and laid it upon the head of Ephraim, who was the younger brother, and his left hand he extended upon the head of Manasseh, deliberately placing his hands , as he was aware that Manasseh was the firstborn . Alternatively, the verse means: Although Manasseh was the firstborn.

וַיְבָ֥רֶךְ אֶת־יוֹסֵ֖ף וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הָֽאֱלֹהִ֡ים אֲשֶׁר֩ הִתְהַלְּכ֨וּ אֲבֹתַ֤י לְפָנָיו֙ אַבְרָהָ֣ם וְיִצְחָ֔ק הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ הָרֹעֶ֣ה אֹתִ֔י מֵעוֹדִ֖י עַד־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃

He, Jacob, blessed Joseph and said: The God before whom my fathers, Abraham and Isaac, walked, the God who shepherds, directs, me from my beginnings until this day. Although the blessing was bestowed upon Joseph’s children, a blessing given to children is also automatically a blessing for their father as well.

הַמַּלְאָךְ֩ הַגֹּאֵ֨ל אֹתִ֜י מִכָּל־רָ֗ע יְבָרֵךְ֮ אֶת־הַנְּעָרִים֒ וְיִקָּרֵ֤א בָהֶם֙ שְׁמִ֔י וְשֵׁ֥ם אֲבֹתַ֖י אַבְרָהָ֣ם וְיִצְחָ֑ק וְיִדְגּ֥וּ לָרֹ֖ב בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָאָֽרֶץ׃

May the angel, a messenger of God, who delivers me from all evil and who has protected me until now, bless the lads, as the representative of God, its sender. And the first blessing is: Let my name and the name of my fathers, Abraham and Isaac, be called upon them, these two children, as well. Having previously adopted them as his own sons, Jacob adds that they shall continue his and his forebears’ legacy. Just as God guided Jacob and his fathers throughout their lives, so too He will lead his grandchildren. The second blessing is: May they proliferate like fish in the midst of the earth .

וַיַּ֣רְא יוֹסֵ֗ף כִּי־יָשִׁ֨ית אָבִ֧יו יַד־יְמִינ֛וֹ עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ אֶפְרַ֖יִם וַיֵּ֣רַע בְּעֵינָ֑יו וַיִּתְמֹ֣ךְ יַד־אָבִ֗יו לְהָסִ֥יר אֹתָ֛הּ מֵעַ֥ל רֹאשׁ־אֶפְרַ֖יִם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃

While Jacob was reciting the blessing, Joseph saw that his father had switched his hands, as he would lay his right hand upon the head of Ephraim, and it displeased him. Joseph expected Jacob to give preference to Manasseh, the firstborn, by placing his right hand upon him. Since his father’s vision was impaired, Joseph surmised that he had erred. Perhaps Joseph was displeased because he felt that Jacob thought that Joseph himself had mistakenly placed his sons on the wrong sides. In order to rectify what Joseph perceived as an error, he supported his father’s hand from below, to remove it from the head of Ephraim to the head of Manasseh.

וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יוֹסֵ֛ף אֶל־אָבִ֖יו לֹא־כֵ֣ן אָבִ֑י כִּי־זֶ֣ה הַבְּכֹ֔ר שִׂ֥ים יְמִינְךָ֖ עַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃

Joseph also said explicitly to his father: Not so, my father, as this one, Manasseh, is the firstborn; place your right hand upon his head.

וַיְמָאֵ֣ן אָבִ֗יו וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יָדַ֤עְתִּֽי בְנִי֙ יָדַ֔עְתִּי גַּם־ה֥וּא יִֽהְיֶה־לְּעָ֖ם וְגַם־ה֣וּא יִגְדָּ֑ל וְאוּלָ֗ם אָחִ֤יו הַקָּטֹן֙ יִגְדַּ֣ל מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְזַרְע֖וֹ יִהְיֶ֥ה מְלֹֽא־הַגּוֹיִֽם׃

His father refused and said: I know, my son, I know which is the firstborn, despite my impaired vision. I am not withholding my blessing from the firstborn, Manasseh, as he too shall become a people, and he too shall be great. However, his younger brother Ephraim shall be greater than he with regard to the number of his descendants and their power, and his descendants shall be the plenitude of nations, as they will fill the world.

וַיְבָ֨רֲכֵ֜ם בַּיּ֣וֹם הַהוּא֮ לֵאמוֹר֒ בְּךָ֗ יְבָרֵ֤ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְשִֽׂמְךָ֣ אֱלֹהִ֔ים כְּאֶפְרַ֖יִם וְכִמְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־אֶפְרַ֖יִם לִפְנֵ֥י מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃

He blessed them that day, saying: By you shall Israel bless their children, saying: May God make you like Ephraim and like Manasseh, and he placed Ephraim before Manasseh in the text of the blessing. In practice as well, Manasseh was given secondary status, despite the fact that he was the firstborn.

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־יוֹסֵ֔ף הִנֵּ֥ה אָנֹכִ֖י מֵ֑ת וְהָיָ֤ה אֱלֹהִים֙ עִמָּכֶ֔ם וְהֵשִׁ֣יב אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ אֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃

Israel said to Joseph: Behold, I am dying and will not return to the land of Canaan while I am alive. Although nothing was preventing his children from returning there at that time, Jacob knew prophetically that they would not return there in the near future. Nevertheless, he declared to his son: God will be with you, and He will eventually restore you to the land of your fathers.

וַאֲנִ֞י נָתַ֧תִּֽי לְךָ֛ שְׁכֶ֥ם אַחַ֖ד עַל־אַחֶ֑יךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר לָקַ֙חְתִּי֙ מִיַּ֣ד הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י בְּחַרְבִּ֖י וּבְקַשְׁתִּֽי׃ (פ)

Consequently, in my capacity as father and the transmitter of the inheritance, I have given to you one portion [ shekhem ] of an inheritance as a gift beyond that of your brothers. Instead of receiving one inheritance, your children will inherit two portions. This is the primary ramification of Ephraim and Manasseh being granted the status of Jacob’s adopted children, on the same level as the other tribes of Israel. This is the portion which I took from the hand of the Emorite with my sword and with my bow. The reference to shekhem here may mean that Jacob gave the city of Shekhem, to Joseph. Indeed, this city was included in the inheritance of his sons, and Joseph himself was buried there.