וְאֵ֛לֶּה תֹּלְדֹ֥ת יִשְׁמָעֵ֖אל בֶּן־אַבְרָהָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָלְדָ֜ה הָגָ֧ר הַמִּצְרִ֛ית שִׁפְחַ֥ת שָׂרָ֖ה לְאַבְרָהָֽם׃

Following the completion of the story of Abraham’s life, the Torah deals briefly with his secondary offspring, thereby rounding out the picture with regard to his children. These are the descendants of Ishmael son of Abraham, whom Hagar the Egyptian, Sarah’s maidservant, bore to Abraham.

וְאֵ֗לֶּה שְׁמוֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׁמָעֵ֔אל בִּשְׁמֹתָ֖ם לְתוֹלְדֹתָ֑ם בְּכֹ֤ר יִשְׁמָעֵאל֙ נְבָיֹ֔ת וְקֵדָ֥ר וְאַדְבְּאֵ֖ל וּמִבְשָֽׂם׃

And these are the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names, according to their birth: The firstborn of Ishmael was Nevayot. And the other sons of Ishmael, some of whom became heads of families, tribes, or small nations, are: Kedar, Adbe’el, Mivsam,

וּמִשְׁמָ֥ע וְדוּמָ֖ה וּמַשָּֽׂא׃

Mishma, Duma, Masa,

חֲדַ֣ד וְתֵימָ֔א יְט֥וּר נָפִ֖ישׁ וָקֵֽדְמָה׃

Hadad, Temah, Yetur, Nafish, and Kedem.

אֵ֣לֶּה הֵ֞ם בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׁמָעֵאל֙ וְאֵ֣לֶּה שְׁמֹתָ֔ם בְּחַצְרֵיהֶ֖ם וּבְטִֽירֹתָ֑ם שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֥ר נְשִׂיאִ֖ם לְאֻמֹּתָֽם׃

These are the sons of Ishmael and these are their names. The sons of Ishmael typically did not construct permanent settlements. Rather, they dwelled in their enclosures, which were considered semi-permanent living places, and in their fortifications, structures that were capable of shielding them when necessary. The sum total of the sons of Ishmael was twelve princes of their nations. Each one of them was the prince of a small nation.

וְאֵ֗לֶּה שְׁנֵי֙ חַיֵּ֣י יִשְׁמָעֵ֔אל מְאַ֥ת שָׁנָ֛ה וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וְשֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֑ים וַיִּגְוַ֣ע וַיָּ֔מָת וַיֵּאָ֖סֶף אֶל־עַמָּֽיו׃

These are the years of the life of Ishmael: He lived for one hundred and thirty-seven years; and he expired and died; and he was gathered to his people.

וַיִּשְׁכְּנ֨וּ מֵֽחֲוִילָ֜ה עַד־שׁ֗וּר אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י מִצְרַ֔יִם בֹּאֲכָ֖ה אַשּׁ֑וּרָה עַל־פְּנֵ֥י כָל־אֶחָ֖יו נָפָֽל׃ (פ)

They, the sons of Ishmael, dwelled from Havila , until Shur that is adjacent to Egypt, all the way to Ashur: He resided [ nafal ] adjacent to all his brethren. Alternatively: His portion was ultimately adjacent to his brethren . The term nafal here possibly means conquest, so that the tribes of Ishmael ruled over their brethren, the children of Ketura.