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Shavuot

Moses and the Ministering Angels

The exalted Torah of God was written specifically for humans, here, in this world. The Sages expressed this idea in their story about Moses our Master, who was forced to quarrel with the ministering angels until they relented and allowed him to take the Torah down to earth.

When Moses ascended on High to receive the Torah, the ministering angels said before the Holy One, Blessed be He: Master of the Universe, what is one born of a woman doing among us? God said to them: He came to receive the Torah. The angels said before Him: The Torah is a hidden treasure that was concealed for You for 974 generations before the creation of the world, and You seek to give it to flesh and blood? “What is a mortal that You remember him, a man that You take him into account?” (Psalms 8:5). Rather, “Lord, our Master, how mighty is Your name throughout the world! You place Your glory in the heavens” (Psalms 8:2). The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses: Provide them with an answer. Moses said before Him: Master of the Universe, I am afraid that they might burn me with the breath of their mouths. God said to him: Hold onto My Throne of Glory and provide them with an answer….

Moses said before God: Master of the Universe, the Torah that You are giving me, what is written in it? God said: “I am the Lord your God, who took you out of the land of Egypt” (Exodus 20:2). Moses said to the angels: Did you go down to Egypt? Were you enslaved to Pharaoh? Why should the Torah be yours?

Moses said before God: What else is written in it? God said: “You shall have no other gods” (Exodus 20:3). Moses said to them: Are you among the nations who worship idols?

Again, Moses asked: What else is written in it? God said: “Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy” (Exodus 20:8). Moses asked the angels: Do you perform labor that you require rest?

Again, what else is written in it? “You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain” (Exodus 20:7). Moses asked: Do you conduct business with one another?

Again, what else is written in it? God said: “Honor your father and your mother” (Exodus 20:12). Moses asked: Do you have a father or a mother?

Again, what else is written in it? God said: “You shall not murder. You shall not commit adultery. You shall not steal” (Exodus 20:13). Moses asked: Is there jealousy among you? Is there an evil inclination within you? Immediately, they conceded to the Holy One, Blessed be He. (Shabbat 88b)