The prohibitions of transferring an object from one domain to another or carrying an object for a distance of four cubits (2 m) within a public domain apply to all types of objects, including keys, bags, handkerchiefs, or even a rubber band wrapped around one’s wrist.

If one is in an area where there is no eiruv, he is obligated to empty the pockets of his clothes before the start of Shabbat, so that he does not violate these prohibitions. Some items may be transferred from one domain to another or carried within the public domain in certain ways, as explained below.

Carrying a key is prohibited. Nevertheless, there are ways to make a key part of one’s garment, e.g., by integrating it into a belt buckle, which would enable it to be carried. One who wishes to use this system should consult a rabbi.

Carrying a child in one’s arms is also prohibited in a place where there is no eiruv. Likewise, pushing a child’s stroller is prohibited. If the child is sick and cannot walk on his own, or if there is a concern that he will not be able to walk the whole way, one should consult with a rabbi to find a solution.

A garment that a person wears on his body is not included in the category of objects that may not be carried from one domain to another. This rule applies even to an outer garment, such as a hat, scarf, coat, and so on.

It is permitted to wear a coat positioned on both shoulders, even if one’s arms are not inside the sleeves. But if a garment such as a coat or sweater is thrown over one shoulder, this is not considered wearing the garment. Transferring it from one domain to another and carrying it in the public domain in this manner is thus prohibited.

A person wearing jewelry may walk with it from one domain to another, or through a public domain.

If a person requires a walker or cane and cannot walk without it, he may use it even outdoors in a place where there is no eiruv. One may also wear prescription eyeglasses without an eiruv. Similarly, one who needs a hearing aid may leave the home with the device attached to his ear. The same applies to an artificial limb (prosthesis).

In life-threatening situations, prohibitions against carrying do not apply. It is therefore permitted to carry a child whose condition requires urgent examination or medical treatment. It is also permitted to carry any object required to help someone whose life is in danger (as detailed in the chapter dealing with the laws of medical treatments on Shabbat, p. 439).